Template:Warning/Cocaine
Levamisole, a common cocaine adulterant, is linked to cocaine/levamisole-associated syndromes
By 2017, 87% of cocaine seized and analyzed in the US contained levamisole.[1]
Cocaine- and levamisole-induced vasculitis (CLIV),[2] is often used as an umbrella term for the vasculitic and necrotic complications seen with levamisole-adulterated cocaine, including both levamisole induced necrosis syndrome (LINES),[3] and cocaine/levamisole-associated autoimmune syndrome (CLAAS).[4]
To stay safer: DanceSafe recommends testing cocaine samples using a specific sequence of reagent testing kits (Morris > Marquis > Liebermann) for more reliable identification and adulterant detection. For detailed instructions, see their official testing guide (PDF), page 4.
- ↑ https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/DIR-040-17_2017-NDTA.pdf
- ↑ Gill, H; Trinh, D; Anderson, DJ; Li, N; Madenberg, D (August 2021). "Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis". Cureus. 13 (8): e17192. doi:10.7759/cureus.17192. PMC 8439268
Check |pmc=value (help). PMID 34548986. - ↑ Fredericks, C.; Yon, J. R.; Alex, G.; Morton, M.; Messer, T.; Bokhari, F.; Poulakidas, S. (2017). "Levamisole-induced Necrosis Syndrome: Presentation and Management". Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice. 29 (3): 71–76. PMID 28355139.
- ↑ Cascio, MJ; Jen, KY (January 2018). "Cocaine/levamisole-associated autoimmune syndrome: a disease of neutrophil-mediated autoimmunity". Current opinion in hematology. 25 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000393. PMID 29211697.