Talk:Triple releasing agent
Triple releasing agent or triple releaser also known as a (TRA), is a type of psychoactive substance which induces the release of the three major central nervous system monoamine neurotransmitters, serotonin, norepinephrine or epinephrine, and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Triple releasing agents (also referred to as serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake releaser are typically known to produce euphoriant, entactogen, and psychostimulant effects, and are almost exclusively encountered in the context of recreational drug use recreational drugs.
A closely related type of substance is a triple reuptake inhibitor (or TRI) which results in the same increase in synaptic concentrations of the above-mentioned monoamines, albeit through a different mechanism. A prominent example of a triple reuptake inhibitor is cocaine.
Neurotoxicity
Many releasing agents, notably many of those derived from amphetamine, have been found to be neurotoxic to serotonin and/or dopamine neurons via damage to axons and dendrites, enzymes, mitochondria, DNA, plasmalemmal and vesicular transporters, and the cell membrane, ultimately causing cell death as a result.{{citation needed{{
The neurotoxicity of some of these drugs is believed to be caused by oxidative stress induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species or free radicals, highly reactive particles that rip apart proteins and induce chain reactions of destruction. The free radicals are thought to be generated as byproducts when either the base compound or one or more of its metabolites are broken down by the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) and/or cyclooxygenase (COX). It is thought hyperthermia and concurrent serotonin-dopamine release may also play a major role in augmenting damage.[citation needed]
Examples
See also
References
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