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Heroin: Difference between revisions
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This form of heroin is diacetylmorphine acetate, a product of heroin production that does not require further acetylation. It differs in texture from powder heroin in that it is black, gooey, viscous, and a texture ranging from quite similar to wet asphalt and a hard rock of material. It is commonly produced in South America and is found on the western coast of the USA. | This form of heroin is diacetylmorphine acetate, a product of heroin production that does not require further acetylation. It differs in texture from powder heroin in that it is black, gooey, viscous, and a texture ranging from quite similar to wet asphalt and a hard rock of material. It is commonly produced in South America and is found on the western coast of the USA. | ||
The actual chemical contents of black tar heroin can vary from the white powder form. Black tar might contain a variable mixture of morphine derivatives, predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine) which is another result of crude acetylation that occurs in the clandestine | The actual chemical contents of black tar heroin can vary from the white powder form. Black tar might contain a variable mixture of morphine derivatives, predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine) which is another result of crude acetylation that occurs in the clandestine manufacturing process. | ||
When injected into any type of tissue, this form of heroin results in an increased risk of wound botulism<ref> Wound Botulism Associated With Black Tar Heroin Among Injecting Drug Users (Douglas J. Passaro, MD, MPH; S. Benson Werner, MD, MPH; Jim McGee, MSPH; et al) | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/187346 </ref>. Wound botulism can be fatal and leads to amputations and death in a higher rate of black tar heroin users. Because of the consistency of the substance (tar like), it can pose a greater risk for collapsing, damaging, or infecting veins. This damage to veins leads to a higher chance of subcutaneous and intradermal injection<ref> Explaining the Geographical Variation of HIV Among Injection Drug Users in the United States (D. Ciccarone, M.D., M.P.H. and P. Bourgois, Ph.D.) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343535/pdf/nihms3846.pdf</ref> which is not advocated from a harm reduction point of view. For users who do choose to inject this substance, it is | When injected into any type of tissue, this form of heroin results in an increased risk of wound botulism<ref> Wound Botulism Associated With Black Tar Heroin Among Injecting Drug Users (Douglas J. Passaro, MD, MPH; S. Benson Werner, MD, MPH; Jim McGee, MSPH; et al) | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/187346 </ref>. Wound botulism can be fatal and leads to amputations and death in a higher rate of black tar heroin users. Because of the consistency of the substance (tar like), it can pose a greater risk for collapsing, damaging, or infecting veins. This damage to veins leads to a higher chance of subcutaneous and intradermal injection<ref> Explaining the Geographical Variation of HIV Among Injection Drug Users in the United States (D. Ciccarone, M.D., M.P.H. and P. Bourgois, Ph.D.) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343535/pdf/nihms3846.pdf</ref> which is not advocated from a harm reduction point of view. For users who do choose to inject this substance, it is advised to follow the procedures found in the [[safer injection guide]]. | ||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||