Depression: Difference between revisions

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'''Depression''' can be described as a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's general sense of well-being in a negative manner. Depressed people often feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may have problems concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions and may contemplate or attempt to commit suicide.

In the context of psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) of the ~~following symptoms~~ have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>

Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, this effect is triggered as a temporary mind state under the influence of certain compounds and during the offset or withdrawals of many more. It is often accompanied by [[anxiety]] or [[irritability]] and can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]]. It is most commonly induced when a [[stimulant]], [[depressant]], or [[hallucinogen]] is being repeatedly used for prolonged periods of time, when a user has quit a substance that they'd been using for a long period of time, or when a user is experiencing the [[after effects|comedown/crash]] of a euphoric compound.

Outside of drug use and within the context of formal psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) specific symptoms from the list below have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>

# Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)

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# Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

In order for ~~the~~ diagnosis to be accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms can not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizphrenic or psychotic spectrum.

In order for a diagnosis of clinical depression to be fully accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms can not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizphrenic or psychotic spectrum.

~~In the context~~ of ~~[[Hallucinogens|hallucinogen]] usage~~, ~~this effect~~ is ~~triggered by certain substances as~~ a ~~temporary effect which can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]]~~.

If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is highly recommended that you seek out therapy, medical attention, or a support group.

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

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*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Novel]] [[Category:Effect]]

===References===

</references>

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 '''Depression''' can be described as a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's general sense of well-being in a negative manner. Depressed people often feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may have problems concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions and may contemplate or attempt to commit suicide.
-In the context of psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>
+Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, this effect is triggered as a temporary mind state under the influence of certain compounds and during the offset or withdrawals of many more. It is often accompanied by [[anxiety]] or [[irritability]] and can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]]. It is most commonly induced when a [[stimulant]], [[depressant]], or [[hallucinogen]] is being repeatedly used for prolonged periods of time, when a user has quit a substance that they'd been using for a long period of time, or when a user is experiencing the [[after effects|comedown/crash]] of a euphoric compound.
+Outside of drug use and within the context of formal psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) specific symptoms from the list below have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>
 # Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
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 # Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
-In order for the diagnosis to be accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms can not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizphrenic or psychotic spectrum.
+In order for a diagnosis of clinical depression to be fully accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms can not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizphrenic or psychotic spectrum.
-In the context of [[Hallucinogens|hallucinogen]] usage, this effect is triggered by certain substances as a temporary effect which can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]].
+If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is highly recommended that you seek out therapy, medical attention, or a support group.
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
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 *[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
 [[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Novel]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===References===
+</references>