MDPV: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

MDPV is thought to act primarily as a potent [[Noradrenaline|norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the two [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s in the [[Synapse|synaptic cleft]], or gap between [[Neurons|neurons]]. The result of this inhibition is an enhanced and prolonged concentration and resulting post-synaptic effect of dopaminergic and noradrenaline signaling at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors on the receiving neuron. [[Serotonin]] also plays a role, although to a much lesser degree. This sudden increase in neurotransmitter concentration in the brain is thought to be responsible for the high that MDPV ~~provides~~. Mainly possessing re-uptake inhibiting qualities, MDPV could be considered more like [[cocaine]] or [[methylphenidate]] than [[amphetamine]] in method of action.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> In contrast, amphetamine acts primarily as an agonist to release dopamine and noradrenaline indirectly via activation of the TAAR1 receptor.

MDPV is thought to act primarily as a potent [[Noradrenaline|norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the two [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s in the [[Synapse|synaptic cleft]], or gap between [[Neurons|neurons]]. The result of this inhibition is an enhanced and prolonged concentration and resulting post-synaptic effect of dopaminergic and noradrenaline signaling at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors on the receiving neuron. [[Serotonin]] also plays a role, although to a much lesser degree. This sudden increase in neurotransmitter concentration in the brain is thought to be responsible for the high that MDPV produces. Mainly possessing re-uptake inhibiting qualities, MDPV could be considered more like [[cocaine]] or [[methylphenidate]] than [[amphetamine]] in method of action.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> In contrast, amphetamine acts primarily as an agonist to release dopamine and noradrenaline indirectly via activation of the TAAR1 receptor.

==Subjective effects==

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{{effects/base

|{{effects/physical|

* '''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''{{citation needed}}

* '''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}

* '''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}} - Higher doses of MDPV can create a significant and often dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

* '''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''

* '''[[Effect::~~Diarrhea~~]]''' ~~- Some experience reports describe individuals who have experienced one [[diarrhea]] while under the influence of MDPV.~~

* '''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Some experience reports describe individuals who have experienced one [[nausea]] while under the influence of MDPV.

* '''[[Effect::Gustatory hallucinations]]'''

* '''[[Effect::~~Headaches~~]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]''' - Some users have reported experiencing [[diarrhea]] while under the influence of MDPV, although this seems to be a relatively uncommon effect.

* '''[[~~Effect::Increased heart rate~~]]~~''' - Higher doses~~ of MDPV ~~can create~~ a ~~significant and often dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure~~.

* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Some users have reported experiencing [[nausea]] while under the influence of MDPV, although this seems to be a relatively uncommon effect.

* '''[[Effect::~~Muscle contractions~~]]'''

* '''[[~~Effect::Muscle spasms~~]]~~'''~~

* '''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''

}}

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
-MDPV is thought to act primarily as a potent [[Noradrenaline|norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the two [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s in the [[Synapse|synaptic cleft]], or gap between [[Neurons|neurons]]. The result of this inhibition is an enhanced and prolonged concentration and resulting post-synaptic effect of dopaminergic and noradrenaline signaling at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors on the receiving neuron. [[Serotonin]] also plays a role, although to a much lesser degree. This sudden increase in neurotransmitter concentration in the brain is thought to be responsible for the high that MDPV provides. Mainly possessing re-uptake inhibiting qualities, MDPV could be considered more like [[cocaine]] or [[methylphenidate]] than [[amphetamine]] in method of action.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> In contrast, amphetamine acts primarily as an agonist to release dopamine and noradrenaline indirectly via activation of the TAAR1 receptor.
+MDPV is thought to act primarily as a potent [[Noradrenaline|norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the two [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s in the [[Synapse|synaptic cleft]], or gap between [[Neurons|neurons]]. The result of this inhibition is an enhanced and prolonged concentration and resulting post-synaptic effect of dopaminergic and noradrenaline signaling at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors on the receiving neuron. [[Serotonin]] also plays a role, although to a much lesser degree. This sudden increase in neurotransmitter concentration in the brain is thought to be responsible for the high that MDPV produces. Mainly possessing re-uptake inhibiting qualities, MDPV could be considered more like [[cocaine]] or [[methylphenidate]] than [[amphetamine]] in method of action.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> In contrast, amphetamine acts primarily as an agonist to release dopamine and noradrenaline indirectly via activation of the TAAR1 receptor.
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 {{effects/base
 |{{effects/physical|
-* '''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''{{citation needed}}
+* '''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}
+* '''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}} - Higher doses of MDPV can create a significant and often dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
+* '''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
 * '''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]''' - Some experience reports describe individuals who have experienced one [[diarrhea]] while under the influence of MDPV.
+* '''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Some experience reports describe individuals who have experienced one [[nausea]] while under the influence of MDPV.
 * '''[[Effect::Gustatory hallucinations]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]''' - Some users have reported experiencing [[diarrhea]] while under the influence of MDPV, although this seems to be a relatively uncommon effect.
-* '''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' - Higher doses of MDPV can create a significant and often dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
+* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Some users have reported experiencing [[nausea]] while under the influence of MDPV, although this seems to be a relatively uncommon effect.
-* '''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
 * '''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
-* '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
 }}