PCP: Difference between revisions

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===Neurological effects===

Some studies found that, like other [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s, PCP can cause brain damage called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney%27s_lesions Olney's lesions] in rats.<ref>Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by PCP and related drugs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263</ref><ref>Neuroprotective NMDA antagonists: the controversy over their potential for adverse effects on cortical neuronal morphology (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7976530</ref> Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the ~~NDMA~~ antagonist [[ketamine]] (a similar drug) far beyond recreational doses<ref>Jansen, Karl. Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. MAPS, 2004. ISBN 0-9660019-7-4</ref> but its validity is controversial since it was never published.

Some studies found that, like other [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s, PCP can cause brain damage called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney%27s_lesions Olney's lesions] in rats.<ref>Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by PCP and related drugs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263</ref><ref>Neuroprotective NMDA antagonists: the controversy over their potential for adverse effects on cortical neuronal morphology (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7976530</ref> Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the NMDA antagonist [[ketamine]] (a similar drug) far beyond recreational doses<ref>Jansen, Karl. Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. MAPS, 2004. ISBN 0-9660019-7-4</ref> but its validity is controversial since it was never published.

PCP has also been shown to cause schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate levels in the rat brain, which are detectable both in living rats and upon necropsy examination of brain tissue.<ref>Chronic PCP administration induces schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653257</ref> It also induces symptoms in humans that mimic schizophrenia.<ref>Phencyclidine (PCP): a dangerous drug, but useful in schizophrenia research (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12206280</ref>

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 ===Neurological effects===
-Some studies found that, like other [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s, PCP can cause brain damage called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney%27s_lesions Olney's lesions] in rats.<ref>Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by PCP and related drugs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263</ref><ref>Neuroprotective NMDA antagonists: the controversy over their potential for adverse effects on cortical neuronal morphology (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7976530</ref> Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the NDMA antagonist [[ketamine]] (a similar drug) far beyond recreational doses<ref>Jansen, Karl. Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. MAPS, 2004. ISBN 0-9660019-7-4</ref> but its validity is controversial since it was never published.
+Some studies found that, like other [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s, PCP can cause brain damage called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney%27s_lesions Olney's lesions] in rats.<ref>Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by PCP and related drugs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263</ref><ref>Neuroprotective NMDA antagonists: the controversy over their potential for adverse effects on cortical neuronal morphology (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7976530</ref> Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the NMDA antagonist [[ketamine]] (a similar drug) far beyond recreational doses<ref>Jansen, Karl. Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. MAPS, 2004. ISBN 0-9660019-7-4</ref> but its validity is controversial since it was never published.
 PCP has also been shown to cause schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate levels in the rat brain, which are detectable both in living rats and upon necropsy examination of brain tissue.<ref>Chronic PCP administration induces schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653257</ref> It also induces symptoms in humans that mimic schizophrenia.<ref>Phencyclidine (PCP): a dangerous drug, but useful in schizophrenia research (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12206280</ref>