Methoxetamine: Difference between revisions

'''3-MeO-2'-Oxo-PCE''' (commonly known as '''Methoxetamine''', '''MXE''', and also as '''Mexxy''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when administered. It is an analog of [[ketamine]] that also contains structural features of [[PCE]] and [[3-MeO-PCP]].  

Methoxetamine, or (RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone, is classed as an [[arylcyclohexylamine]]. Ayrlcyclohexylamines are named for their structures which include a cyclohexane ring bound to an aromatic ring along with an amine group.  

MXE acts as a noncompetitive [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] and [[serotonin]]-[[Reuptake Inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]].<ref name="MXE Binding Profile">[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/acmd1/methoxetamine2012?view=Binary "ACMD Methoxetamine Report (2012)"]. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. October 2012. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 6 February 2013.</ref> NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole].” MXE was reported to be similar to [[Ketamine|ketamine]] <ref>Kjellgren, A., & Jonsson, K. (2013). Methoxetamine (MXE)--a phenomenological study of experiences induced by a {\dq}legal high{\dq} from the internet. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(3), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.803647</ref>, despite being stronger and having a longer duration. <ref>Coppola, M., & Mondola, R. (2012). Methoxetamine: From drug of abuse to rapid-acting antidepressant. Medical Hypotheses, 79(4), 504–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.002</ref>

Because of its structural similarity to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-HO-PCP 3-OH-PCP], it was falsely believed to carry [[opioid]] properties.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> This claim cannot be supported by actual data, instead showing only insignificant affinity for the µ-opioid receptor by the substance itself, although in-vivo metabolites could yield different effects.<ref name="MXE Binding Profile"/>

*'''Brazil''' - Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 <ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>

*'''Germany:''' The possession, production, and sale are illegal.{{citation needed}}

*'''Japan:''' The possession, production, and sale are illegal.{{citation needed}}

*'''Russia:''' The possession, production, and sale are illegal.{{citation needed}}

*'''Netherlands:''' The possession, production, transport, sale, import, and export are illegal. <ref>"Opiumwet lijst 1", http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2017-05-25</ref>

*'''Switzerland:''' The possession, production, and sale are illegal.{{citation needed}}

*'''United States:''' MXE is not illegal, however, if it is sold with the intention for human consumption (such as in capsules) it becomes illegal to possess under the Federal Analogue Act. This is avoided by placing the label "not for human consumption" on the container of this chemical.{{citation needed}}

*'''Italy:''' MXP is banned in Italy according to the Table of Drugs since 2016. <ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>