Zolpidem: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Ambien-walrus-adventure2.png|250px|right|link=]]

'''Zolpidem '''(commonly known by the trade names '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', and '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>) is a non-[[benzodiazepine]] [[psychoactive class::hypnotic]] of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] chemical class which is primarily used in the treatment of [[insomnia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Du, B., Shan, A., Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., & Cai, K. (2014). Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 347(3), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318287c79c</ref>

'''Zolpidem '''(commonly known by the trade names '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', and '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>) is a non-[[benzodiazepine]] [[psychoactive class::hypnotic|hypnotic/sedative]] of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] chemical class which is primarily used in the treatment of [[insomnia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Du, B., Shan, A., Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., & Cai, K. (2014). Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 347(3), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318287c79c</ref>

When taken recreationally, at doses which far exceed the prescribed dose, it has been reported of being capable of producing powerfully and notoriously bizarre atypical [[hallucinogen]]ic, [[psychoactive class::dissociative]], [[psychoactive class::deliriant]] and even [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] effects.

Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include [[zaleplon]] (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines~~; however~~, this evaluation has shifted ~~somewhat~~ in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}}

Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include [[zaleplon]] (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines. However, this evaluation has shifted in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}}

Zolpidem is recommended to be taken on a short-term basis only. Daily or continuous use of the drug is not usually advised.

==Chemistry==

~~Zopidem~~ is a hypnotic nonbenzodiazepine drug of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] class. This class of drugs is named for having an imidazole constituent, a five-membered ring with two non-adjacent nitrogen constituents fused to a pyridine ring, a six-membered nitrogenous ring which shares a nitrogen with the imidazole group.

Zolpidem is a hypnotic nonbenzodiazepine drug of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] class. This class of drugs is named for having an imidazole constituent, a five-membered ring with two non-adjacent nitrogen constituents fused to a pyridine ring, a six-membered nitrogenous ring which shares a nitrogen with the imidazole group.

GABA<sub>A</sub>-agonizing imidazopyridines such as zolpidem are often grouped with pyrazolopyrimidines, and cyclopyrrones under the label "nonbenzodiazepines" for their similar effects.

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{{effects/visual|

The visual effects of zolpidem are comparable to that of certain aspects [[deliriant]]s, [[dissociative]]s and [[psychedelics]]. At lower dosages, these effects manifest as simple [[visual suppressions]] but at higher doses, they may escalate into full blown complex hallucinatory states of a bizarre and unique nature.

The visual effects of zolpidem are comparable to that of certain aspects [[deliriant|deliriants]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[psychedelics]]. At lower dosages, these effects manifest as simple [[visual suppressions]] but at higher doses, they may escalate into full-blown complex hallucinatory states of a bizarre and unique nature.

*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''

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 {{SubstanceBox/Zolpidem}}
 [[File:Ambien-walrus-adventure2.png|250px|right|link=]]
-'''Zolpidem '''(commonly known by the trade names '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', and '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>) is a non-[[benzodiazepine]] [[psychoactive class::hypnotic]] of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] chemical class which is primarily used in the treatment of [[insomnia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Du, B., Shan, A., Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., & Cai, K. (2014). Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 347(3), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318287c79c</ref>
+'''Zolpidem '''(commonly known by the trade names '''Ambien''', '''Intermezzo''', '''Edluar''', '''Stilnox''', and '''Zolpimist'''<ref name=":0">http://www.drugs.com/zolpidem.html | Zolpidem (Drugs.com)</ref>) is a non-[[benzodiazepine]] [[psychoactive class::hypnotic|hypnotic/sedative]] of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] chemical class which is primarily used in the treatment of [[insomnia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Du, B., Shan, A., Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., & Cai, K. (2014). Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 347(3), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318287c79c</ref>
 When taken recreationally, at doses which far exceed the prescribed dose, it has been reported of being capable of producing powerfully and notoriously bizarre atypical [[hallucinogen]]ic, [[psychoactive class::dissociative]], [[psychoactive class::deliriant]] and even [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] effects.
-Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include [[zaleplon]] (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines; however, this evaluation has shifted somewhat in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}}
+Zolpidem is a member of a family colloquially known as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include [[zaleplon]] (''Sonata'') and [[zopiclone]]. These drugs were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit-forming than benzodiazepines. However, this evaluation has shifted  in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have accumulated.{{citation needed}}
 Zolpidem is recommended to be taken on a short-term basis only. Daily or continuous use of the drug is not usually advised.
 ==Chemistry==
-Zopidem is a hypnotic nonbenzodiazepine drug of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] class. This class of drugs is named for having an imidazole constituent, a five-membered ring with two non-adjacent nitrogen constituents fused to a pyridine ring, a six-membered nitrogenous ring which shares a nitrogen with the imidazole group.
+Zolpidem is a hypnotic nonbenzodiazepine drug of the [[chemical class::imidazopyridine]] class. This class of drugs is named for having an imidazole constituent, a five-membered ring with two non-adjacent nitrogen constituents fused to a pyridine ring, a six-membered nitrogenous ring which shares a nitrogen with the imidazole group.
 GABA<sub>A</sub>-agonizing imidazopyridines such as zolpidem are often grouped with pyrazolopyrimidines, and cyclopyrrones under the label "nonbenzodiazepines" for their similar effects.
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 }}
 {{effects/visual|
-The visual effects of zolpidem are comparable to that of certain aspects [[deliriant]]s, [[dissociative]]s and [[psychedelics]]. At lower dosages, these effects manifest as simple [[visual suppressions]] but at higher doses, they may escalate into full blown complex hallucinatory states of a bizarre and unique nature.
+The visual effects of zolpidem are comparable to that of certain aspects [[deliriant|deliriants]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[psychedelics]]. At lower dosages, these effects manifest as simple [[visual suppressions]] but at higher doses, they may escalate into full-blown complex hallucinatory states of a bizarre and unique nature.
 *'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''