Prochlorperazine: Difference between revisions

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| ''[[Prochlorperazine/Summary|Summary sheet: Prochlorperazine]]''

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'''Prochlorperazine''' ('''Compazine''', '''Stemzine''', '''Buccastem M''', '''Stemetil''', '''Phenotil''') is a [[dopamine]] (D2) [[receptor]] [[antagonist]] that belongs to the [[phenothiazine]] class of [[antipsychotic]] agents that are used for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic and is 10–20× more potent than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches.<ref>Husseini, A; Gianakos, D (February 2006). "The 15-Minute Visit". Patient Care 40: 9–10.</ref>

'''Prochlorperazine''' ('''Compazine''', '''Stemzine''', '''Buccastem M''', '''Stemetil''', '''Phenotil''') is a [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] D2 [[receptor]] [[antagonist]] that belongs to the [[phenothiazine]] class of [[antipsychotic]] agents that are used for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic and is 10–20× more potent than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches.<ref>Husseini, A; Gianakos, D (February 2006). "The 15-Minute Visit". Patient Care 40: 9–10.</ref>

==Chemistry==

Prochlorperazine is a piperazine derivative of the phenothiazine class of organic compounds. Prochlorperazine contains a thiazine ring, a six-member ring which includes one nitrogen and one sulfur atom. The thiazine ring is fused to two benzene rings, creating a tricyclic phenothiazine. Prochlorperazine contains a chlorine atom bound to R<sub>2</sub> of the phenothiazine group.

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==Toxicity and harm potential==

Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism ~~pseudoparkinsonism~~], or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>

Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism parkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>

Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include a high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, a fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).

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 | ''[[Prochlorperazine/Summary|Summary sheet: Prochlorperazine]]''
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-'''Prochlorperazine''' ('''Compazine''', '''Stemzine''', '''Buccastem M''', '''Stemetil''', '''Phenotil''') is a [[dopamine]] (D2) [[receptor]] [[antagonist]] that belongs to the [[phenothiazine]] class of [[antipsychotic]] agents that are used for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic and is 10–20× more potent than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches.<ref>Husseini, A; Gianakos, D (February 2006). "The 15-Minute Visit". Patient Care 40: 9–10.</ref>
+'''Prochlorperazine''' ('''Compazine''', '''Stemzine''', '''Buccastem M''', '''Stemetil''', '''Phenotil''') is a [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] D2 [[receptor]] [[antagonist]] that belongs to the [[phenothiazine]] class of [[antipsychotic]] agents that are used for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic and is 10–20× more potent than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches.<ref>Husseini, A; Gianakos, D (February 2006). "The 15-Minute Visit". Patient Care 40: 9–10.</ref>
 ==Chemistry==
 Prochlorperazine is a piperazine derivative of the phenothiazine class of organic compounds. Prochlorperazine contains a thiazine ring, a six-member ring which includes one nitrogen and one sulfur atom. The thiazine ring is fused to two benzene rings, creating a tricyclic phenothiazine. Prochlorperazine contains a chlorine atom bound to R<sub>2</sub> of the phenothiazine group.
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 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
-Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism pseudoparkinsonism], or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>
+Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism parkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>
 Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include a high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, a fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).