4-FA: Difference between revisions

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==Toxicity and harm potential==

The toxicity and long-term effects of recreational 4-FA use have only scarcely been studied because 4-FA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence, as well as several case reports, suggest there is a small to moderate individual health risk associated with the use of 4-FA. Among these, it appears there is an especially a high risk for acute cardiovascular toxicity. Some people in the Netherlands, only using a moderate dose, have died due to cardiac arrest or suffered severe brain damage due to a stroke. The mechanism of this acute toxicity is not yet known, but it seems as though the stroke starts off as an intense headache or even a migraine attack, that slowly worsens.<ref>https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:4-FA ~~risicobeoordeling~~ (2016).pdf</ref>

The toxicity and long-term effects of recreational 4-FA use have only scarcely been studied because 4-FA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence, as well as several case reports, suggest there is a small to moderate individual health risk associated with the use of 4-FA. Among these, it appears there is an especially a high risk for acute cardiovascular toxicity. Some people in the Netherlands, only using a moderate dose, have died due to cardiac arrest or suffered severe brain damage due to a stroke. The mechanism of this acute toxicity is not yet known, but it seems as though the stroke starts off as an intense headache or even a migraine attack, that slowly worsens.<ref>https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:4-FA%20risicobeoordeling%20(2016).pdf</ref>

The [[LD50|LD<sub>50</sub>]] (mouse; i.p.) of 4-FA is 46 mg/kg.<ref> E. Costa and S. Garattini (1970). Amphetamines and Related Compounds. New York: Raven Press. p. 28.</ref> 4-FA does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain [[serotonin]] unlike [[MDMA]] or [[4-FA]]'s analogs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine 4-CA] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine 4-BA].

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 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
 {{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
-The toxicity and long-term effects of recreational 4-FA use have only scarcely been studied because 4-FA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence, as well as several case reports, suggest there is a small to moderate individual health risk associated with the use of 4-FA. Among these, it appears there is an especially a high risk for acute cardiovascular toxicity. Some people in the Netherlands, only using a moderate dose, have died due to cardiac arrest or suffered severe brain damage due to a stroke. The mechanism of this acute toxicity is not yet known, but it seems as though the stroke starts off as an intense headache or even a migraine attack, that slowly worsens.<ref>https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:4-FA risicobeoordeling (2016).pdf</ref>
+The toxicity and long-term effects of recreational 4-FA use have only scarcely been studied because 4-FA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence, as well as several case reports, suggest there is a small to moderate individual health risk associated with the use of 4-FA. Among these, it appears there is an especially a high risk for acute cardiovascular toxicity. Some people in the Netherlands, only using a moderate dose, have died due to cardiac arrest or suffered severe brain damage due to a stroke. The mechanism of this acute toxicity is not yet known, but it seems as though the stroke starts off as an intense headache or even a migraine attack, that slowly worsens.<ref>https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:4-FA%20risicobeoordeling%20(2016).pdf</ref>
 The [[LD50|LD<sub>50</sub>]] (mouse; i.p.) of 4-FA is 46 mg/kg.<ref> E. Costa and S. Garattini (1970). Amphetamines and Related Compounds. New York: Raven Press. p. 28.</ref> 4-FA does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain [[serotonin]] unlike [[MDMA]] or [[4-FA]]'s analogs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine 4-CA] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine 4-BA].