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3-HO-PCE: Difference between revisions

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'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' (commonly known as '''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel synthetic [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class that produces potent, dose-sensitive [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. Unlike its close structural analog [[3-HO-PCP]], this compound is entirely novel and has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.  
'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' (commonly known as '''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel synthetic [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class that produces potent, dose-sensitive [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. Unlike its close structural analog [[3-HO-PCP]], this compound is entirely novel and has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.  


Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] given its structural relationship to [[3-HO-PCP]], which is known to possess affinity for the  [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]].<ref>Kalir, A., S. Maayani, M. Rehavi, R. Elkavetz, I. Pri-Bar, O. Buchman and M. Sokolovsky, 1978, Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives; in vivo studies in mice, European J. Med. Chem. 13, 17.</ref> Whether it produces any of its theorized [[opioid]] effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion.  
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] given its structural relationship to [[3-HO-PCP]], which is known to possess affinity for the  [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]].<ref name="3HOPCEsar">Kalir, A., S. Maayani, M. Rehavi, R. Elkavetz, I. Pri-Bar, O. Buchman and M. Sokolovsky, 1978, Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives; in vivo studies in mice, European J. Med. Chem. 13, 17.</ref> Whether it produces any of its theorized [[opioid]] effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion.  


Following other substances of its class, particularly [[methoxetamine]] (MXE), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), and [[3-MeO-PCE]], it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other [[dissociatives]], and its general effects profile been characterized as "lying halfway between [[3-MeO-PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]."  
Following other substances of its class, particularly [[methoxetamine]] (MXE), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), and [[3-MeO-PCE]], it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other [[dissociatives]], and its general effects profile been characterized as "lying halfway between [[3-MeO-PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]."  
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There are also reports that suggest this compound may produce more physical side effects such as muscle soreness and flu-like symptoms during or shortly after administration. This suggests it may be uniquely more dangerous or toxic than related [[dissociatives]], particularly at higher doses.
There are also reports that suggest this compound may produce more physical side effects such as muscle soreness and flu-like symptoms during or shortly after administration. This suggests it may be uniquely more dangerous or toxic than related [[dissociatives]], particularly at higher doses.


There is a complete lack of data on the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE, and it has an extremely brief history of human usage. Today, it is exclusively distributed as a gray area [[research chemical]] by online vendors.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> Due to its potent dissociative and [[opioid]] effects, theorized habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.
There is a complete lack of data on the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE, and it has an extremely brief history of human usage. Today, it is exclusively distributed as a gray area [[research chemical]] by online vendors.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> Due to its potent [[dissociative]] and [[opioid]] effects, potential habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-HO-PCE contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional rings at R<sub>1</sub>. One of these rings is a piperidine ring, a nitrogenous six member ring, bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a hydroxy group.  
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-HO-PCE contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional groups at R<sub>1</sub>. One of these an ethyl chain bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a hydroxy group.  


3-HO-PCE is a [[PCE]] analog and structurally homologous to [[3-MeO-PCE]].
3-HO-PCE is a [[PCE]] analog and structurally homologous to [[3-MeO-PCE]].
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
3-HO-PCE acts as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.{{citation needed}}
While no formal studies have been conducted, 3-HO-PCE likely acts principally as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.{{citation needed}}
   
   
There is ongoing speculation as to whether this compound displays [[μ-opioid]] receptor activity due to its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been found to have appreciable affinity as a [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] [[agonist]] in animal models. <ref name="3HOPCEsar" />
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}  
{{effectStub}}  
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*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Perception of decreased weight]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Restless legs]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The body high of this compound can be described in terms of its style variations as a motionless, constant, sharp, all-encompassing, and euphoric activation of nerve endings across the body.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - 3-HO-PCE has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as [[ketamine]] or [[diphenidine]], especially of the manic variant.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - 3-HO-PCE has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as [[ketamine]] or [[diphenidine]], especially of the manic variant.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' and '''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and [[pain relief|anesthesia]].
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' & '''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and [[pain relief|anesthesia]].
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only in the stronger to heavier dose ranges.
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' and '''[[Motor control loss]]''' - At lower dosages this compound typically induces enhancements in bodily control. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards motor control
*'''[[Motor control loss]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]''' - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.  
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]''' - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.  
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*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, fatigued or undernourished.
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.


}}
}}
{{effects/disconnective|
{{effects/disconnective|
The disconnective effects of this compound appear to be less prominent compared to dissociatives like [[ketamine]] or [[MXE]]. They seem to not occur at common doses and may only occur at levels that may be accompanied by potentially dangerous side effects.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This eventually results in 3-HO-PCE's equivalent of the notorious "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole]" or, more specifically, ''[[Visual disconnection#Holes, spaces and voids|holes, spaces and voids]]'' alongside of ''[[Visual disconnection#Structures|structures]]''.
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''


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*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives. It typically occurs during the offset of the trip, but can also occur during the onset and come up as well.
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives.  
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - This effect has been reported to be more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives, such as [[MXE]] or [[Ketamine]]. It typically occurs during the [[offset]] of the trip, but can also occur during the [[onset]] and come up as well.
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]''' - Like psychosis, this effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives.
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - This is reported to be present at lower dosage ranges.
*'''[[Effect::Thought disorganization]]'''
 
}}
}}
{{effects/auditory|
{{effects/auditory|


*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancement]]''' - This effect is reported to only occur at lower doses.
*'''[[Effect::Auditory suppression|Suppression]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Auditory suppression|Suppression]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
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{{effects/visual|
{{effects/visual|


*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]''' - This effect has been reported as being especially present at low dosages.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - While lower doses of this compound may produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - While lower doses of this compound tend to produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Frame rate suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Frame rate suppression]]'''
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====Distortions====
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Environmental cubism]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
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[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}
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