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2C-D: Difference between revisions
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'''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-M''' and more commonly as '''2C-D''') is a synthetic [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] of the [[Chemical class::phenethylamine]] chemical class that produces short-lived [[psychedelic]] effects comparable to those produced by [[mescaline]] and other [[2C-x]] compounds when [[routes of administration|administered]]. Its synthesis was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences.<ref>Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5412084</ref> Initial trials by [[Alexander Shulgin]] at sub-threshold doses in humans were carried out in 1964.<ref>Shulgin, Alexander. "Pharmacology Lab Notes #1". Lafayette, CA. (1960-1976). p94, p175 (Erowid.org) | https://erowid.org/library/books_online/shulgin_labbooks/shulgin_labbook1_searchable.pdf</ref> | '''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-M''' and more commonly as '''2C-D''') is a synthetic [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] of the [[Chemical class::phenethylamine]] chemical class that produces short-lived [[psychedelic]] effects comparable to those produced by [[mescaline]] and other [[2C-x]] compounds when [[routes of administration|administered]]. Its synthesis was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences.<ref>Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5412084</ref> Initial trials by [[Alexander Shulgin]] at sub-threshold doses in humans were carried out in 1964.<ref>Shulgin, Alexander. "Pharmacology Lab Notes #1". Lafayette, CA. (1960-1976). p94, p175 (Erowid.org) | https://erowid.org/library/books_online/shulgin_labbooks/shulgin_labbook1_searchable.pdf</ref> | ||
In his book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved"), Shulgin lists the dosage range as being from 20 to 60 mg. This is now regarded by many as a conservative estimate as it has since been reported that substantially higher doses can be taken to induce a full spectrum of classical psychedelic effects while remaining physically benign, a relatively unique quality in the [[2C-x family]]. Lower doses of 2C-D (generally 10 mg or less) have been explored for its use as a potential [[nootropic]], albeit with mixed results.<ref>Lemaire, D. (1990). Erowid 2C-D Vault: Smart Pills, by Hosten & Lazar. Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cd/2cd_smartpills1.shtml</ref> | In his book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved"), Shulgin lists the dosage range as being from 20 to 60 mg. This is now regarded by many as a conservative estimate as it has since been reported that substantially higher doses can be taken to induce a full spectrum of classical psychedelic effects while remaining physically benign, a relatively unique quality in the [[2C-x family]]. | ||
Lower doses of 2C-D (generally 10 mg or less) have been explored for its use as a potential [[nootropic]], albeit with mixed results.<ref>Lemaire, D. (1990). Erowid 2C-D Vault: Smart Pills, by Hosten & Lazar. Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cd/2cd_smartpills1.shtml</ref> | |||
Many who have experimented with this substance report that it is calmer, easier to handle and more comfortable on the body than other closely related [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamine]]s. While not especially visual or physically euphoric, it is said to be very lucid in its head-space, analytical and cognitively unimpairing. | Many who have experimented with this substance report that it is calmer, easier to handle and more comfortable on the body than other closely related [[psychedelic]] [[phenethylamine]]s. While not especially visual or physically euphoric, it is said to be very lucid in its head-space, analytical and cognitively unimpairing. | ||
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The synthesis of 2C-D was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences,<ref>Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5412084</ref>, but initial trials by [[Alexander Shulgin]] at sub-threshold doses were carried out in 1964. Further investigations at higher doses were carried out by Shulgin and his fellow researchers between 1974 and 1978.<ref>Shulgin, Alexander. "Pharmacology Lab Notes #1". Lafayette, CA. (1960-1976). p94, p175 (Erowid.org) | https://erowid.org/library/books_online/shulgin_labbooks/shulgin_labbook1_searchable.pdf</ref> The name '2C-D' derives from the chemical's structure - it is the 2-Carbon analogue of [[DOM]]. | The synthesis of 2C-D was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences,<ref>Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5412084</ref>, but initial trials by [[Alexander Shulgin]] at sub-threshold doses were carried out in 1964. Further investigations at higher doses were carried out by Shulgin and his fellow researchers between 1974 and 1978.<ref>Shulgin, Alexander. "Pharmacology Lab Notes #1". Lafayette, CA. (1960-1976). p94, p175 (Erowid.org) | https://erowid.org/library/books_online/shulgin_labbooks/shulgin_labbook1_searchable.pdf</ref> The name '2C-D' derives from the chemical's structure - it is the 2-Carbon analogue of [[DOM]]. | ||
Notably, Shulgin | Notably, Shulgin referred to 2C-D as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning it can extend or potentiate the effect of other substances without coloring the experience too much, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with.{{citation needed}} While some people have claimed 2C-D is relatively uninteresting as a psychedelic on its own many users have come to strongly disagree with this early assessment and believe that 2C-D is an extremely versatile and fully-fledged synthetic [[entheogen]] in its own right. | ||
Albeit showing promise as a very functional psychostimulant<ref>Zuba, D., & Sekula, K. (2013). Analytical characterization of three hallucinogenic N-(2-methoxy)benzyl derivatives of the 2C-series of phenethylamine drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 5(8), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1397</ref><ref>King, L. A. (2014). New phenethylamines in Europe. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 808–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1570</ref> with very successful studies investigating the use in psychotherapy in Germany,<ref>Schneider, U. (2004). Aspekte des Psychischen: Festschrift anlässlich des 60. Geburtstags von Hinderk M. Emrich. Würzbug, Germany: Königshausen & Neumann. '''No complete fulltext was available at the time of writing, please refer to the Google Scholar document: https://books.google.de/books?id=yo45tYQj2-MC&lpg=PA129&ots=tW1EqmhrGF&dq=DMM-PEA&hl=de&pg=PA129&output=embed.'''</ref> 2C-D has not found widespread use. This has been argued to be due to the previously limited diversity of substances on the market - a consumer dynamic which has changed significantly with the advent of the internet - allowing a broader freedom of choice for explorers of psychedelic phenethylamines.<ref>Martin, J. (2014). Drugs on the Dark Net. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137399052</ref> Of these, it tends to be substantially harder to find and notably more expensive by weight.{{citation needed}} | Albeit showing promise as a very functional psychostimulant<ref>Zuba, D., & Sekula, K. (2013). Analytical characterization of three hallucinogenic N-(2-methoxy)benzyl derivatives of the 2C-series of phenethylamine drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 5(8), 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1397</ref><ref>King, L. A. (2014). New phenethylamines in Europe. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 808–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1570</ref> with very successful studies investigating the use in psychotherapy in Germany,<ref>Schneider, U. (2004). Aspekte des Psychischen: Festschrift anlässlich des 60. Geburtstags von Hinderk M. Emrich. Würzbug, Germany: Königshausen & Neumann. '''No complete fulltext was available at the time of writing, please refer to the Google Scholar document: https://books.google.de/books?id=yo45tYQj2-MC&lpg=PA129&ots=tW1EqmhrGF&dq=DMM-PEA&hl=de&pg=PA129&output=embed.'''</ref> 2C-D has not found widespread use. This has been argued to be due to the previously limited diversity of substances on the market - a consumer dynamic which has changed significantly with the advent of the internet - allowing a broader freedom of choice for explorers of psychedelic phenethylamines.<ref>Martin, J. (2014). Drugs on the Dark Net. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137399052</ref> Of these, it tends to be substantially harder to find and notably more expensive by weight.{{citation needed}} | ||
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2C-D, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, is a substituted [[phenethylamines|phenethylamine]] featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-D contains methoxy functional groups CH<sub>3</sub>O- attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> as well as a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. | 2C-D, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, is a substituted [[phenethylamines|phenethylamine]] featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-D contains methoxy functional groups CH<sub>3</sub>O- attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> as well as a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. | ||
2C-D belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring. | 2C-D belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring. | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | |||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous | |||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement | |{{effects/physical| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, the 2C-D experience begins with mild sedation that increases as the trip progresses, and lacks the distinctive energetic feeling associated with most [[phenethylamines]]. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The "body high" of 2C-D can be described as a pleasurable, all-encompassing comfort sensation. This maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' - Whilst at lower doses one may find that their bodily control is enhanced, at higher dosages it seems to become suppressed. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Although nausea remains present, in comparison to other [[phenethylamines]] such as [[2C-E]], [[2C-I]] or [[2C-B]], this remains extremely mild and dissipates quickly even with higher dosages. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' | |||
}} | |||
{{effects/visual| | |||
====Enhancements==== | ====Enhancements==== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]''' | ||
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====[[effect::Geometry]]==== | ====[[effect::Geometry]]==== | ||
The visual geometry | The visual geometry able to be produced by this substance can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[DOM]] or [[25D-NBOMe]] than that of [[LSD]], [[2C-B]] or [[2C-I]]. It can be comprehensively described as structured in its organization, organic in style, intricate in complexity, large in style, slow and smooth in motion, colorful in scheme, bright in color, blurred in its edges and equally rounded and angular in its corners. It gives off a natural feel at higher dosages. While the final level of 2C-D geometry has yet to be formally confirmed, it seems more likely that it would result in states of [[Effect::8B Geometry|level 8B]] visual geometry over [[8A Geometry|level 8A]]. | ||
====Hallucinatory states==== | ====Hallucinatory states==== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Transformations]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[LSD]], 2C-D is low in hallucinations embedded within visual geometry. However, when it does occur this particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, and interactive in style. | *'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[LSD]], 2C-D is low in hallucinations embedded within visual geometry. However, when it does occur this particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, and interactive in style. | ||
*'''[[Effect::External hallucinations]]''' ( | *'''[[Effect::External hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - 2C-D is capable of external hallucinations embedded within visual geometry. This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They can be described as external in their manifestation, lucid in believability, and fixed in style. | ||
}} | |||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |||
The head space of 2C-D is described by many as one which is both insightful and relatively normal in its thought processes even at moderate to high doses. The feeling of "unaltered consciousness" may be bothersome to trippers who want an intense experience because the head space is fairly normal, stable and therefore typically considered rather uninteresting to those new to hallucinogenic experiences. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Emotionality enhancement]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Introspection]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Increased sense of humor]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' | |||
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Thought connectivity]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' | |||
}} | |||
{{effects/auditory| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]''' | ||
}} | |||
{{effects/multisensory| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Synaesthesia]]''' - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states. | |||
}} | |||
{{effects/transpersonal| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
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Tolerance to the effects of 2C-D is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-D presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 2C-D all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. | Tolerance to the effects of 2C-D is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-D presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 2C-D all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. | ||
== | ==Legality== | ||
*'''Australia:''' Australia has a blanket ban over all substituted phenethylamines including the entire 2C-X family.<ref>New Psychoactive Substances (National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre 2014) | https://comorbidity.edu.au/sites/default/files/cre/page/New%20Psychoactive%20Substances.pdf</ref> | |||
*'''Brazil''' - Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | *'''Brazil''' - Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''Canada:''' 2C-D would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) |http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html#h-28</ref> | ||
*'''China''' - As of October 2015 2C-D is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
*''' | |||
*'''Denmark''': 2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.<ref>Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer | https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=137169</ref> | *'''Denmark''': 2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.<ref>Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer | https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=137169</ref> | ||
*'''Germany''': On December 13, 2014, 2C-D was added to the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.<ref>Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften (28. BtMÄndV)| http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11392/a189949.htm</ref> | *'''Germany''': On December 13, 2014, 2C-D was added to the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.<ref>Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften (28. BtMÄndV)| http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11392/a189949.htm</ref> | ||
*'''Japan:''' 2C-D is controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, making it illegal to possess or sell.<ref>Analytical Data of Designated Substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu) Controlled by the Pharmaceutical AŠairs Law in Japan, Part I: GC-MS and LC-MS | https://www.erowid.org/references/texts/show/7395docid7635</ref> | |||
*'''Latvia:''' 2C-D is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref> | *'''Latvia:''' 2C-D is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref> | ||
*'''Switzerland:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20170329020935/https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html</ref> | *'''Switzerland:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20170329020935/https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''Sweden:''' 2C-D is classified as a health hazard as of March 1, 2005, in the regulation SFS 2005:26, making it illegal to sell or possess.<ref>Svensk författningssamling | http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20050026.pdf</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''United Kingdom:''' 2C-D is a Class A controlled substance as it is covered by the phenethylamine derivatives clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United States:''' 2C-D is listed in Schedule I of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. This was signed into law as of July 2012 under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.<ref>S. 3187: Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, Subtitle D-Synthetic Drugs | http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s3187/text</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||