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A-PHP: Difference between revisions
>Fishcenternicole sublingual numbing to mouth numbing |
>Unity Grammatics. Dangerous interactions under Tox. Legal issues -> Legality. Legality section reorganization. |
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The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include: | The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - Users report that this effect typically only occurs at low doses, and becomes increasingly more impairing as one increases their intake. | *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - Users report that this effect typically only occurs at low doses, and becomes increasingly more impairing as one increases their intake. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - α-PHP can lead to states of extreme anxiety and paranoia when dosed too highly or frequently, which is why eyeballing this substance is strongly discouraged. The anxiety and paranoia this compound produces shares many features of the paranoia that can be induced by [[methamphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], and typically happens during the | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - α-PHP can lead to states of extreme anxiety and paranoia when dosed too highly or frequently, which is why eyeballing this substance is strongly discouraged. The anxiety and paranoia this compound produces shares many features of the paranoia that can be induced by [[methamphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], and typically happens during the come down phase of the experience. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] is present as well as feelings of well-being and contentedness which are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine accumulation in the brain's reward pathways. | *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] is present as well as feelings of well-being and contentedness which are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine accumulation in the brain's reward pathways. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]] | *'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]] | ||
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There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_alphaPHP.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: A-PHP] | * [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_alphaPHP.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: A-PHP] | ||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
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α-PHP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause, of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs.<ref>Suicide attempt with a mix of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, and 4-CMC (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073816000372</ref> | α-PHP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause, of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs.<ref>Suicide attempt with a mix of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, and 4-CMC (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073816000372</ref> | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
As with other short-lived highly dopaminergic [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of α-PHP can be considered [[Addiction potential::highly addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | As with other short-lived highly dopaminergic [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of α-PHP can be considered [[Addiction potential::highly addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | ||
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α-PHP, like other strongly dopaminergic stimulants, can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/emerging-trends</ref><ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> | α-PHP, like other strongly dopaminergic stimulants, can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/emerging-trends</ref><ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> | ||
== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | |||
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - α-PHP can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels. | |||
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s}} | |||
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants. | |||
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart. | |||
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk==== | |||
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}} | |||
==Legality== | |||
{{legalStub}} | |||
*'''China''' - α-PHP is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.<ref>http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref> | |||
*'''Italy''' - The President of the Republic of Italy classified cathinone and all structurally derived analogues (including pyrovalerone analogues) as Narcotics on January 2012. <ref>http://www.politicheantidroga.it/media/491607/decreto%20ministero%20salute%2029%20dicembre%202011.pdf</ref> | |||
*'''Sweden''' - Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify α-PHP as narcotic on June 1, 2015.<ref>https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/juni/23-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/</ref> | |||
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref> | *'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref> | ||
*'''United States''' - α-PHP is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States. However, it may fall under the scope of the Federal Analog Act if it is intended for human consumption given its similarity to A-PVP, a scheduled substance.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0128.htm></ref> | *'''United States''' - α-PHP is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States. However, it may fall under the scope of the Federal Analog Act if it is intended for human consumption given its similarity to A-PVP, a scheduled substance.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0128.htm></ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||