F-Phenibut: Difference between revisions

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'''F-Phenibut''' (also known as '''Fluorophenibut''', and '''Fluorobut''') is a central nervous system [[psychoactive class::depressant]] and closely related structural analog of [[phenibut]]. F-Phenibut possesses an effect profile similar to [[phenibut]] but with a faster [[onset]], significantly increased potency, and shorter [[duration|total duration]].{{citation needed}} It has recently become available through online [[research chemical]] vendors, although little is known about this substance, particularly [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|its potential toxicity]] and addiction potential.

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~~| ''[[F-Phenibut/Summary|Summary sheet: F-Phenibut]]''~~

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'''F-Phenibut''' (also known as '''~~fluorophenibut~~''', '''~~fluorobut''', or '''fphenibut~~''') is a central nervous system [[psychoactive class::depressant]] and ~~close analogue~~ of [[phenibut]]. F-Phenibut possesses an effect profile similar to [[phenibut]] but with a ~~significantly increased potency in its active dose, quicker~~ [[onset]] and shorter [[duration|total duration]].{{citation needed}} It has recently become available through online [[research chemical]] vendors, although little is known about this substance, particularly [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|its potential toxicity]] and addiction potential.

The substance can be classified as a [[GABApentinoid |gabapentinoid]], a class which contains other substances such as [[gabapentin]], [[pregabalin]] <ref>"Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice" | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baclofen baclofen], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric_acid GABOB].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x</ref><ref>"Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences" | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> It is a derivative of the naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid ([[GABA]]), with an addition of a phenyl ring that allows it to cross the blood–brain barrier.<ref name="one" />

==Chemistry==

~~Like Phenibut~~, F-Phenibut is a derivative of GABA, except with a fluorine-substituted phenyl group in the β-position of the molecule. It is a chiral molecule and thus has two potential configurations as (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.<ref>"Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut." | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275958</ref> It has an almost identical chemical structure to baclofen (only replacing a chlorine with a fluorine atom in the para-position of the phenyl group).<ref>On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref> Additionally, the widely prescribed gabapentinoid [[pregabalin]] also possesses a similar structure as phenibut, except that the phenyl group is instead replaced with an isobutyl group.

As with [[phenibut]], F-Phenibut is a derivative of GABA, except with a fluorine-substituted phenyl group in the β-position of the molecule. It is a chiral molecule and thus has two potential configurations as (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.<ref>"Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut." | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275958</ref> It has an almost identical chemical structure to baclofen (only replacing a chlorine with a fluorine atom in the para-position of the phenyl group).<ref>On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref> Additionally, the widely prescribed gabapentinoid [[pregabalin]] also possesses a similar structure as phenibut, except that the phenyl group is instead replaced with an isobutyl group.

==Pharmacology==

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 {{SubstanceBox/F-Phenibut}}
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+'''F-Phenibut''' (also known as '''Fluorophenibut''', and '''Fluorobut''') is a central nervous system [[psychoactive class::depressant]] and closely related structural analog of [[phenibut]]. F-Phenibut possesses an effect profile similar to [[phenibut]] but with a faster [[onset]], significantly increased potency, and shorter [[duration|total duration]].{{citation needed}} It has recently become available through online [[research chemical]] vendors, although little is known about this substance, particularly [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|its potential toxicity]] and addiction potential.
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-| ''[[F-Phenibut/Summary|Summary sheet: F-Phenibut]]''
-|}
-'''F-Phenibut''' (also known as '''fluorophenibut''', '''fluorobut''', or '''fphenibut''') is a central nervous system [[psychoactive class::depressant]] and close analogue of [[phenibut]]. F-Phenibut possesses an effect profile similar to [[phenibut]] but with a significantly increased potency in its active dose, quicker [[onset]] and shorter [[duration|total duration]].{{citation needed}} It has recently become available through online [[research chemical]] vendors, although little is known about this substance, particularly [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|its potential toxicity]] and addiction potential.
 The substance can be classified as a [[GABApentinoid |gabapentinoid]], a class which contains other substances such as [[gabapentin]], [[pregabalin]] <ref>"Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice" | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j9t6Qg0kkuUC&pg=RA1-PA423&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baclofen baclofen], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric_acid GABOB].<ref name="one">Lapin, I. (2001). "Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): A tranquilizer and nootropic drug" (pdf). CNS Drug Reviews | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x</ref><ref>"Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences" | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kfcDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1006&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> It is a derivative of the naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid ([[GABA]]), with an addition of a phenyl ring that allows it to cross the blood–brain barrier.<ref name="one" />
 ==Chemistry==
-Like Phenibut, F-Phenibut is a derivative of GABA, except with a fluorine-substituted phenyl group in the β-position of the molecule. It is a chiral molecule and thus has two potential configurations as (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.<ref>"Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut." | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275958</ref> It has an almost identical chemical structure to baclofen (only replacing a chlorine with a fluorine atom in the para-position of the phenyl group).<ref>On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref> Additionally, the widely prescribed gabapentinoid [[pregabalin]] also possesses a similar structure as phenibut, except that the phenyl group is instead replaced with an isobutyl group.
+As with [[phenibut]], F-Phenibut is a derivative of GABA, except with a fluorine-substituted phenyl group in the β-position of the molecule. It is a chiral molecule and thus has two potential configurations as (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.<ref>"Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut." | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275958</ref> It has an almost identical chemical structure to baclofen (only replacing a chlorine with a fluorine atom in the para-position of the phenyl group).<ref>On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431377</ref> Additionally, the widely prescribed gabapentinoid [[pregabalin]] also possesses a similar structure as phenibut, except that the phenyl group is instead replaced with an isobutyl group.
 ==Pharmacology==