4-FA: Difference between revisions

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'''4-Fluoroamphetamine''' (also known as '''4-FA''', '''4-FMP''', '''PAL-303''' and colloquially as '''Flux''') is a novel synthetic ring-substituted [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a uniquely progressive mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen]]ic and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine [[analogs]] that initially included such compounds as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], and [[3-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref>

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~~| ''[[4-FA/Summary|Summary sheet: 4-FA]]''~~

|}

'''4-Fluoroamphetamine''' (also known as '''4-FA''', '''4-FMP''', '''PAL-303''' and colloquially as '''Flux''') is a synthetic ring-substituted ~~fluorinated~~ [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen]]ic and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine [[~~designer drug|~~analogs]] that initially included such compounds as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], and [[3-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref>

Anecdotal reports have ~~subjectively~~ described the effects of [[4-FA]] as having a [[MDMA]]-like [[~~entactogen~~]]ic onset for the ~~first~~ few hours that gradually transitions into classical [[amphetamine]]-type [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}}

Anecdotal reports have described the subjective effects of [[4-FA]] as having a moderate [[MDMA]]-like [[entactogenic]] onset for the initial few hours that then gradually transitions into classical [[amphetamine]]-type [[stimulation]] for a total duration of around 6 to 8 hours.{{citation needed}}

4-FA is rarely found on the streets but commonly sold as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors along with related compounds such as [[2-FMA]] and [[3-FA]].<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>

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Additional experience reports can be found here:

* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_4Fluoroamphetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 4-FA]

==Potentially dangerous interactions==

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - 4-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.

===[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk===

==Toxicity and harm potential==

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Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>

~~===Dangerous interactions===~~

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - 4-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.

~~{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}~~

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.

~~====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====~~

~~{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}~~

==Legal issues==

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-{{headerpanel|{{approval}}}}
 {{SubstanceBox/4-FA}}
-{|
+{{SummarySheet}}
-|-
+'''4-Fluoroamphetamine''' (also known as '''4-FA''', '''4-FMP''', '''PAL-303''' and colloquially as '''Flux''') is a novel synthetic ring-substituted [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a uniquely progressive mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen]]ic and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine [[analogs]] that initially included such compounds as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], and [[3-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref>
-|-
-| ''[[4-FA/Summary|Summary sheet: 4-FA]]''
-|}
-'''4-Fluoroamphetamine''' (also known as '''4-FA''', '''4-FMP''', '''PAL-303''' and colloquially as '''Flux''') is a synthetic ring-substituted fluorinated [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen]]ic and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine [[designer drug|analogs]] that initially included such compounds as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], and [[3-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref>
-Anecdotal reports have subjectively described the effects of [[4-FA]] as having a [[MDMA]]-like [[entactogen]]ic onset for the first few hours that gradually transitions into classical [[amphetamine]]-type [[stimulation]].{{citation needed}}
+Anecdotal reports have described the subjective effects of [[4-FA]] as having a moderate [[MDMA]]-like [[entactogenic]] onset for the initial few hours that then gradually transitions into classical [[amphetamine]]-type [[stimulation]] for a total duration of around 6 to 8 hours.{{citation needed}}
 -FA is rarely found on the streets but commonly sold as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors along with related compounds such as [[2-FMA]] and [[3-FA]].<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223101</ref><ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref>
@@ Line 67: / Line 62: @@
 Additional experience reports can be found here:
 * [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_4Fluoroamphetamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 4-FA]
+==Potentially dangerous interactions==
+Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
+*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - 4-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
+{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
+*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
+===[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk===
+{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}
 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
@@ Line 86: / Line 90: @@
 {{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
 Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>
-===Dangerous interactions===
-Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
-*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - 4-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
-{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
-*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
-====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
-{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}
 ==Legal issues==