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5-Hydroxytryptophan: Difference between revisions
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{{distinguish2|[[ | {{distinguish2|[[Serotonin]] ('''5'''-'''h'''ydroxy'''t'''ryptamine, '''5-HT''')}} | ||
{{Template:SubstanceBox/5-HTP}} | {{Template:SubstanceBox/5-HTP}} | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
Due to the conversion of 5-HTP into serotonin by the liver, with prolonged use, there may be a significant risk of heart valve disease from serotonin's effect on the heart, which is thought to be due to agonism of the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> | Due to the conversion of 5-HTP into serotonin by the liver, with prolonged use, there may be a significant risk of heart valve disease from serotonin's effect on the heart, which is thought to be due to agonism of the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptors present on it.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781732 | Long-term serotonin administration induces heart valve disease in rats.</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466135 | Serotonin mechanisms in heart valve disease II: the 5-HT2 receptor and its signaling pathway in aortic valve interstitial cells.</ref> | ||
It has been suggested that 5-HTP may cause eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a serious condition which results in extreme muscle tenderness, myalgia, and blood abnormalities. However, there is evidence to show that EMS was likely caused by a contaminant in certain 5-HTP supplements instead of the drug itself.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7699627 | An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan.</ref> | It has been suggested that 5-HTP may cause eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a serious condition which results in extreme muscle tenderness, myalgia, and blood abnormalities. However, there is evidence to show that EMS was likely caused by a contaminant in certain 5-HTP supplements instead of the drug itself.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7699627 | An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan.</ref> | ||
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Combinations in the list below may increase the amount of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, to dangerous or even fatal levels, resulting in life-threatening [[serotonin syndrome]]. | Combinations in the list below may increase the amount of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, to dangerous or even fatal levels, resulting in life-threatening [[serotonin syndrome]]. | ||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs)''' - When combined with antidepressants of the SSRI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499101 | Characterization of serotonin-toxicity syndrome (toxidrome) elicited by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in clorgyline-pretreated rats.</ref><ref name=" | *'''[[DangerousInteraction::Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs)''' - When combined with antidepressants of the SSRI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499101 | Characterization of serotonin-toxicity syndrome (toxidrome) elicited by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in clorgyline-pretreated rats.</ref><ref name="two">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16488409 | Effects of co-administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and monoamine oxidase inhibitors on 5-HT-related behavior in rats.</ref> | ||
*'''[[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]] (SNRIs)''' | *'''[[Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]] (SNRIs)''' | ||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose. | *'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose. | ||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::MAOIs]]''' such as '''[[syrian rue]]''', '''[[banisteriopsis caapi]]''', '''[[2C-T-2]]''', '''[[2C-T-7]]''', '''[[αMT]]''', and some '''[[antidepressants]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the MAOI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one" | *'''[[DangerousInteraction::MAOIs]]''' such as '''[[syrian rue]]''', '''[[banisteriopsis caapi]]''', '''[[2C-T-2]]''', '''[[2C-T-7]]''', '''[[αMT]]''', and some '''[[antidepressants]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the MAOI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one" /><ref name="two" /> | ||
*'''[[Tricyclic antidepressants]] (TCAs)''' | *'''[[Tricyclic antidepressants]] (TCAs)''' | ||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]''' | *'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]''' | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[ | [[Category:Antidepressant]] | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||