APICA: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

Pharmacological studies of 2NE1 report EC<sub>50</sub> values of 6.89 ± 0.11nM at CB1 and 7.54 ± 0.11nM at CB2. These values are fairly close to those found for Δ9-[[THC]], although 2NE1 is a full agonist at both receptors, while Δ9-THC is a partial agonist.<ref>Samuel D. Banister, Jordyn Stuart, Richard C. Kevin, Amelia Edington, Mitchell Longworth, Shane M. Wilkinson, Corinne Beinat, Alexandra S. Buchanan, David E. Hibbs, Michelle Glass, Mark Connor, Iain S. McGregor, and Michael Kassiou. "Effects of Bioisosteric Fluorine in Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, APICA, and STS-135" Chemical Neuroscience. ~~2015;~~6(8);1445-1458;doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00107 ~~(Pubmed / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25921407~~</ref> It is likely that 2NE1 shares many of the in vivo properties of [[Δ9-THC]]. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.

Pharmacological studies of 2NE1 report EC<sub>50</sub> values of 6.89 ± 0.11nM at CB1 and 7.54 ± 0.11nM at CB2. These values are fairly close to those found for Δ9-[[THC]], although 2NE1 is a full agonist at both receptors, while Δ9-THC is a partial agonist.<ref>Samuel D. Banister, Jordyn Stuart, Richard C. Kevin, Amelia Edington, Mitchell Longworth, Shane M. Wilkinson, Corinne Beinat, Alexandra S. Buchanan, David E. Hibbs, Michelle Glass, Mark Connor, Iain S. McGregor, and Michael Kassiou. "Effects of Bioisosteric Fluorine in Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, APICA, and STS-135" Chemical Neuroscience (2015). 6(8). 1445-1458. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00107</ref> It is likely that 2NE1 shares many of the in vivo properties of [[Δ9-THC]]. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.

==Subjective effects==

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===Auditory effects===

*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''

===Experience reports===

~~There are currently no anecdotal~~ reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]].

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask: [[Category:2NE1]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}

Additional experience reports can be found here:

* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_LSD.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: LSD]

==Toxicity and harm potential==

{{further|Synthetic cannabinoid#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2NE1 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2NE1 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2NE1 within the community ~~suggest~~ that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2NE1 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2NE1 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2NE1 within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.

It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] including 2NE1 may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref>Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref>A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>

As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.

As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience and injury to others.

It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

As with other synthetic ~~cannibanoids~~, the chronic use of 2NE1 can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

As with other synthetic cannabinoids, the chronic use of 2NE1 can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 2NE1 [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). ~~5F-AKB48~~ presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[cannabinoids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of ~~5F-AKB48~~ all [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]]s will have a reduced effect.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 2NE1 [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2NE1 presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[cannabinoids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of 2NE all [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]]s will have a reduced effect.

==Legal issues==

*'''United Kingdom''' - 2NE1 is a class B drug under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on the 14th December 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. <ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made</ref>

*'''China:''' As of October 2015 2NE1 is a controlled substance in China.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>

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==See also==

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[~~Cannabis~~]]

*[[Designer drug]]

*[[~~Cannabinoid~~]]

*[[Synthetic cannabinoids]]

*[[AKB48]]

*[[STS-135]]

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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APICA APICA (Wikipedia)]

*[https://drugs-forum.com/threads/2ne1-n-adamantyl-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide-drug-info.190429 2NE1 (N-adamantyl-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide) Drug Info (Drugs-Forum)]

==References==

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

[[Category:~~Substance~~]]

[[Category:Research chemical]]

[[Category:Cannabinoid]]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
-Pharmacological studies of 2NE1 report EC<sub>50</sub> values of 6.89 ± 0.11nM at CB1 and 7.54 ± 0.11nM at CB2. These values are fairly close to those found for Δ9-[[THC]], although 2NE1 is a full agonist at both receptors, while Δ9-THC is a partial agonist.<ref>Samuel D. Banister, Jordyn Stuart, Richard C. Kevin, Amelia Edington, Mitchell Longworth, Shane M. Wilkinson, Corinne Beinat, Alexandra S. Buchanan, David E. Hibbs, Michelle Glass, Mark Connor, Iain S. McGregor, and Michael Kassiou. "Effects of Bioisosteric Fluorine in Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, APICA, and STS-135" Chemical Neuroscience. 2015;6(8);1445-1458;doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00107 (Pubmed / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25921407</ref> It is likely that 2NE1 shares many of the in vivo properties of [[Δ9-THC]]. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.
+Pharmacological studies of 2NE1 report EC<sub>50</sub> values of 6.89 ± 0.11nM at CB1 and 7.54 ± 0.11nM at CB2. These values are fairly close to those found for Δ9-[[THC]], although 2NE1 is a full agonist at both receptors, while Δ9-THC is a partial agonist.<ref>Samuel D. Banister, Jordyn Stuart, Richard C. Kevin, Amelia Edington, Mitchell Longworth, Shane M. Wilkinson, Corinne Beinat, Alexandra S. Buchanan, David E. Hibbs, Michelle Glass, Mark Connor, Iain S. McGregor, and Michael Kassiou. "Effects of Bioisosteric Fluorine in Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs JWH-018, AM-2201, UR-144, XLR-11, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, APICA, and STS-135" Chemical Neuroscience (2015). 6(8). 1445-1458. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00107</ref> It is likely that 2NE1 shares many of the in vivo properties of [[Δ9-THC]]. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 ===Auditory effects===
 *'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
 ===Experience reports===
-There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]].
+Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask: [[Category:2NE1]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
+Additional experience reports can be found here:
+* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_LSD.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: LSD]
 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
 {{further|Synthetic cannabinoid#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
-The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2NE1 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2NE1 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2NE1 within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.
+The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2NE1 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2NE1 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2NE1 within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.
 It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] including 2NE1 may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref>Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117  | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine  Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref>A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>
-As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.
+As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience and injury to others.
 It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
 ===Tolerance and addiction potential===
-As with other synthetic cannibanoids, the chronic use of 2NE1 can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
+As with other synthetic cannabinoids, the chronic use of 2NE1 can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
-Tolerance to many of the effects of 2NE1 [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 5F-AKB48 presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[cannabinoids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of 5F-AKB48 all [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]]s will have a reduced effect.
+Tolerance to many of the effects of 2NE1 [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2NE1 presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[cannabinoids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of 2NE all [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]]s will have a reduced effect.
 ==Legal issues==
+{{legality}}
 *'''United Kingdom''' - 2NE1 is a class B drug under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on the 14th December 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. <ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made</ref>
 *'''China:''' As of October 2015 2NE1 is a controlled substance in China.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
@@ Line 67: / Line 74: @@
 ==See also==
 *[[Responsible use]]
-*[[Cannabis]]
+*[[Designer drug]]
-*[[Cannabinoid]]
+*[[Synthetic cannabinoids]]
 *[[AKB48]]
 *[[STS-135]]
@@ Line 76: / Line 83: @@
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APICA APICA (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://drugs-forum.com/threads/2ne1-n-adamantyl-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide-drug-info.190429 2NE1 (N-adamantyl-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide) Drug Info (Drugs-Forum)]
 ==References==
 <references />
 [[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
-[[Category:Substance]]
+[[Category:Research chemical]]
 [[Category:Cannabinoid]]