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==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone is a [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]], which means that it features a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. Cathinones are beta-ketone analogues of [[amphetamine]]s. | N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone is a [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]], which means that it features a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. Cathinones are beta-ketone analogues of [[amphetamine]]s. Cathinones refer to a class of molecules which are principally constituted of a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. They are also known as the beta-ketone (double-bonded oxygen to the β-carbon) analogs of [[amphetamine]]s. The cathinone backbone can be modified in three different places to create hundreds of possible compounds, which include substituents on the aromatic ring, the alpha carbon, and the amine group.<ref>Liu, C., Jia, W., Li, T., Hua, Z., & Qian, Z. (n.d.). Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N-ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl--EAPP, propylone, N-ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, -PiHP, 4-Cl--PHP, and 4-F--PHP. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2136</ref> | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. Ethyl- | Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone most likely acts as both a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[releasing agent]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]]. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. Additionally, it has been speculated that that it may possess some serotonergic properties, as users have described experiencing mild [[entactogen]]ic effects. | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
It should be noted that many users | It should be noted that many users of this substance has described the comedown as being particularly “smooth” relative to similar cathinone stimulants, so these effects may not be present to as great of a degree. | ||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}} | {{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}} | ||
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any acute negative health effects. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of | As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | ||
Tolerance to many of the effects of | Tolerance to many of the effects of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect. | ||
===Psychosis=== | ===Psychosis=== | ||
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}} | {{Main|Stimulant psychosis}} | ||
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===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Ethyl- | *'''[[Stimulants]]''' - N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels. | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}} | ||
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]] and other stimulants. | *'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]] and other stimulants. | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Designer drug]] | |||
*[[Stimulant]] | *[[Stimulant]] | ||
*[[Substituted cathinone|Cathinone]] | *[[Substituted cathinone|Cathinone]] | ||
*[[Pentedrone]] | |||
*[[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (''Hexen'') | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/ethyl-pentedrone Ethyl-Pentedrone (TripSit)] | *[http://drugs.tripsit.me/ethyl-pentedrone Ethyl-Pentedrone (TripSit)] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | |||
[[Category:Cathinone]] | |||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | |||