Deschloroketamine: Difference between revisions

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'''Deschloroketamine''' (abbreviated '''DCK'''; also called '''~~DXE’’’~~, '''2'-Oxo-PCM''' or '''O-PCM''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance from the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class which produces [[hallucinogen]]ic and [[pain relief|anesthetic]] effects.<ref name="name">Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138515</ref><ref name="patent">Patent US 3254124 - Aminoketones and methods for their production | http://www.google.com/patents/US3254124</ref>

'''Deschloroketamine''' (abbreviated '''DCK'''; also called '''DXE''', '''2'-Oxo-PCM''' or '''O-PCM''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance from the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class which produces [[hallucinogen]]ic and [[pain relief|anesthetic]] effects.<ref name="name">Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138515</ref><ref name="patent">Patent US 3254124 - Aminoketones and methods for their production | http://www.google.com/patents/US3254124</ref>

This compound induces a state referred to as [[Dissociative#subjective_effects|"dissociative anesthesia"]] when ingested and is therefore used for recreational and occasional entheogenic purposes.

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==Toxicity and harm potential==

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational ~~DCK~~ use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because DCK has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried DCK within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because DCK has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried DCK within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

As DCK has been speculated to have antibacterial properties,<ref name="patent"></ref> its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system.

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As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of DCK can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of DCK [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DCK presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of ~~DCK~~ all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.

Tolerance to many of the effects of DCK [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DCK presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DXE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.

===Urinary tract effects===

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 {{SubstanceBox/Deschloroketamine}}
-'''Deschloroketamine''' (abbreviated '''DCK'''; also called '''DXE’’’, '''2'-Oxo-PCM''' or '''O-PCM''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance from the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class which produces [[hallucinogen]]ic and [[pain relief|anesthetic]] effects.<ref name="name">Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138515</ref><ref name="patent">Patent US 3254124 - Aminoketones and methods for their production | http://www.google.com/patents/US3254124</ref>
+'''Deschloroketamine''' (abbreviated '''DCK'''; also called '''DXE''', '''2'-Oxo-PCM''' or '''O-PCM''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance from the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class which produces [[hallucinogen]]ic and [[pain relief|anesthetic]] effects.<ref name="name">Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138515</ref><ref name="patent">Patent US 3254124 - Aminoketones and methods for their production | http://www.google.com/patents/US3254124</ref>
 This compound induces a state referred to as [[Dissociative#subjective_effects|"dissociative anesthesia"]] when ingested and is therefore used for recreational and occasional entheogenic purposes.
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 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
 {{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
-The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DCK use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because DCK has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried DCK within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
+The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because DCK has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried DCK within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
 As DCK has been speculated to have antibacterial properties,<ref name="patent"></ref> its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system.
@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of DCK can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
-Tolerance to many of the effects of DCK [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DCK presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DCK all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.
+Tolerance to many of the effects of DCK [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DCK presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DXE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.
 ===Urinary tract effects===