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PMMA: Difference between revisions
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'''PMMA''' ('''para-Methoxymethamphetamine''', also known as '''4-MMA''') is a highly dangerous and toxic drug of the [[Chemical class::Amphetamine|amphetamine]] class, which is closely related to [[PMA]]. Like PMA, it has extremely dangerous side effects, which can result in death. At lower dosages, its effects are somewhat different from PMA, with reduced tendency to cause severe [[Increased bodily temperature|hyperthermia]] and producing more [[entactogen]]ic effects, although at higher dosages it does have the same risk as PMA. Its history of use is unknown, but it has appeared more frequently in the 2000s and 2010s. It is generally less potent than PMA. | '''PMMA''' ('''para-Methoxymethamphetamine''', also known as '''4-MMA''') is a highly dangerous and toxic drug of the [[Chemical class::Amphetamine|amphetamine]] class, which is closely related to [[PMA]]. Like PMA, it has extremely dangerous side effects, which can result in death. At lower dosages, its effects are somewhat different from PMA, with reduced tendency to cause severe [[Increased bodily temperature|hyperthermia]] and producing more [[entactogen]]ic effects, although at higher dosages it does have the same risk as PMA. Its history of use is unknown, but it has appeared more frequently in the 2000s and 2010s. It is generally less potent than PMA. | ||
'''PMMA, along with other | '''PMMA, along with other substances like [[PMA]] and [[PMEA]] have very little recreational value and are considered as one of the most dangerous and toxic substances known. It is strongly recommended that these two substances should be completely avoided.''' | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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PMMA, like [[PMA]] most likely acts as a [[selective serotonin releasing agent]] (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to [[MDMA]], it is considerably less effective as a releaser of serotonin with properties more akin to a reuptake inhibitor in comparison. It evokes robust hyperthermia while producing only modest hyperactivity and serotonergic neurotoxicity, substantially lower than that caused by MDMA. Anecdotal reports suggest it is not particularly euphoric at all, perhaps even dysphoric in contrast. PMMA has also been shown to act as a potent, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme [[MAOI|MAO-A]] with no significant effects on MAO-B, and the combination of this property and serotonin release is likely responsible for its high lethality potential. It is likely metabolized to PMA, just like [[methamphetamine]] is metabolized to [[amphetamine]] in the body. | PMMA, like [[PMA]] most likely acts as a [[selective serotonin releasing agent]] (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to [[MDMA]], it is considerably less effective as a releaser of serotonin with properties more akin to a reuptake inhibitor in comparison. It evokes robust hyperthermia while producing only modest hyperactivity and serotonergic neurotoxicity, substantially lower than that caused by MDMA. Anecdotal reports suggest it is not particularly euphoric at all, perhaps even dysphoric in contrast. PMMA has also been shown to act as a potent, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme [[MAOI|MAO-A]] with no significant effects on MAO-B, and the combination of this property and serotonin release is likely responsible for its high lethality potential. It is likely metabolized to PMA, just like [[methamphetamine]] is metabolized to [[amphetamine]] in the body. | ||
It appears that PMMA elevates body temperatures dramatically; the cause of this property is suspected to be related to its ability to inhibit MAO-A and at the same time releasing large amounts of serotonin, effectively causing [[serotonin syndrome]]. It appears that PMMA activates the hypothalamus much more strongly than MDMA and other | It appears that PMMA elevates body temperatures dramatically; the cause of this property is suspected to be related to its ability to inhibit MAO-A and at the same time releasing large amounts of serotonin, effectively causing [[serotonin syndrome]]. It appears that PMMA activates the hypothalamus much more strongly than MDMA and other substances like [[ephedrine]], thereby causing rapid increases in body temperature (which is the major cause of death in PMMA mortalities). | ||
{{citation needed}} | {{citation needed}} | ||