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Modafinil: Difference between revisions
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
The long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil as a | The long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil as a substance of regular usage have not been determined.<ref>Pharmacotherapy for excessive daytime sleepiness | http://www.smrv-journal.com/article/S1087-0792(04)00024-3/abstract</ref> Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried modafanil within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | ||
It is worth noting, however, that as this compound is a commonly prescribed prescription medication, it is considerably less likely to have adverse health effects than that of a [[research chemical]]. | It is worth noting, however, that as this compound is a commonly prescribed prescription medication, it is considerably less likely to have adverse health effects than that of a [[research chemical]]. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible substance use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
[[Toxicity::The median lethal dose at which 50% of participants die ([[LD50]]) from modafinil for human beings has never been reached]]. No life-threatening effects have taken place in clinical trials involving the administration of 1000mg to 1600mg of modafinil per day for 7 to 21 consecutive days. Intentional acute overdoses of 4500mg and 4000mg in two adult subjects and an accidental ingestion of 800mg by a three-year-old child did not result in any life-threatening effects or death.<ref>The National Library of Medicine - PROVIGIL | http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fd75a8a7-a8ab-4141-9af9-989a220b9c19</ref> After overdosing on 5000mg of modafinil in a suicide attempt, a fifteen-year-old female reported a severe [[Headaches|headache]], [[Nausea|nausea]], and [[Abnormal heartbeat|tachycardia]], but did not appear to have any lethal or long-term effects.<ref>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine - Unsuccessful Suicide Attempt of a 15 Year Old Adolescent with Ingestion of 5000 mg Modafinilhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725258</ref> | [[Toxicity::The median lethal dose at which 50% of participants die ([[LD50]]) from modafinil for human beings has never been reached]]. No life-threatening effects have taken place in clinical trials involving the administration of 1000mg to 1600mg of modafinil per day for 7 to 21 consecutive days. Intentional acute overdoses of 4500mg and 4000mg in two adult subjects and an accidental ingestion of 800mg by a three-year-old child did not result in any life-threatening effects or death.<ref>The National Library of Medicine - PROVIGIL | http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fd75a8a7-a8ab-4141-9af9-989a220b9c19</ref> After overdosing on 5000mg of modafinil in a suicide attempt, a fifteen-year-old female reported a severe [[Headaches|headache]], [[Nausea|nausea]], and [[Abnormal heartbeat|tachycardia]], but did not appear to have any lethal or long-term effects.<ref>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine - Unsuccessful Suicide Attempt of a 15 Year Old Adolescent with Ingestion of 5000 mg Modafinilhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725258</ref> | ||
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Modafinil is legally approved for medical purposes worldwide. However, it is illegal to sell and possess in most countries without a prescription. | Modafinil is legally approved for medical purposes worldwide. However, it is illegal to sell and possess in most countries without a prescription. | ||
*'''United States:''' In the United States, modafinil is a Schedule IV controlled substance. It is illegal to buy, sell, or possess the | *'''United States:''' In the United States, modafinil is a Schedule IV controlled substance. It is illegal to buy, sell, or possess the substance without a prescription or DEA license.<ref>Placement of Modafinil Into Schedule IV - U.S. Department of Justice | http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/1999/fr0127.htm</ref> | ||
*'''Canada:''' Modafinil is listed as a Schedule F prescription | *'''Canada:''' Modafinil is listed as a Schedule F prescription substance in Canada and it can be prescribed for human and veterinary use.<ref>National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities - Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (1184 — Modafinil) | http://napra.ca/Content_Files/Files/FDR-Project1184-Modafinil-Oct122006.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''' - Modafinil is a prescription only medication in the U.K. | *'''United Kingdom''' - Modafinil is a prescription only medication in the U.K. | ||