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ETH-CAT: Difference between revisions
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| ''[[Ethylcathinone/Summary|Summary sheet: Ethylcathinone]]'' | | ''[[Ethylcathinone/Summary|Summary sheet: Ethylcathinone]]'' | ||
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'''Ethylcathinone''' | '''Ethylcathinone''' (also known as '''ethcathinone''', '''ethylpropion''' or '''ETH-CAT'''), is a [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] drug of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] chemical class. It is an active metabolite of the pro-drug diethylcathinone and is responsible for its pharmacological effects. Ethcathinone has been identified as an ingredient in both quasi-legal "party pills", and, along with mephedrone, has also been reported as having been sold as "ecstasy"<ref>Police warn of potentially fatal 'fake ecstasy' | http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-06-17/police-warn-of-potentially-fatal-fake-ecstasy/2475270</ref> | ||
Ethylcathinone is rarely sold on the streets, but is instead primarily sold as a grey market [[research chemical]] through online vendors.<ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref><ref>Chemical analysis of four capsules containing the controlled substance analogues 4-methylmethcathinone, 2-fluoromethamphetamine, alpha-phthalimidopropiophenone and N-ethylcathinone (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20074881</ref> | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Although ethylcathinone | Although the effects of ethylcathinone have not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]] or other substituted cathinones like [[methcathinone]], it is reasonable to assume that just like other simple [[substituted cathinone]]s, it most likely acts primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Cathinone derivatives: A review of their | ||
chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology | DOI 10.1002/dta.31</ref> This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in stimulating, motivatory and euphoric effects. | |||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
Ethylcathinone at low to moderate doses has been reported as being a relatively functional and effective psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks -- although its short action of duration may present a drawback compared to many other psychostimulants. However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity enhancer and more recreational in nature, due to the distracting effects of the euphoria and stimulation it can induce. | |||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
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===Visual effects=== | ===Visual effects=== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - This component primarily occurs at higher doses and may be indicative of toxicity and/or overdose. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Visual haze]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Visual haze]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]''' - This component primarily occurs at higher doses or after a sustained period of redosing. | ||
===After effects=== | ===After effects=== | ||
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===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
As with other [[stimulant]]s, ethylcathinone may also possess | As with other [[stimulant]]s, ethylcathinone may also possess habit-forming or reinforcing properties. Compared with other stimulants, however chronic use of ethylcathinone can be considered only [[Addiction potential::mildly addictive with a comparatively low potential for abuse]]. Early studies demonstrate ethylcathinone suppresses cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys, without the adverse effects associated with older DA releasers (e.g., amphetamine).{{citation needed}} Despite this, ethylcathinone may still be capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. | ||
Tolerance to many of the effects of ethylcathinone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Ethylcathinone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of ethylcathinone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect. | Tolerance to many of the effects of ethylcathinone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Ethylcathinone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of ethylcathinone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect. | ||
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==Legal issues== | ==Legal issues== | ||
Ethylcathinone is currently an unscheduled compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and is not explicitly prohibited within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws due to its similarity to methcathinone -- a widely prohibited substance -- and with intent to sell or consume. | |||
*'''China''' - As of October 2015 Ethylcathinone is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
*'''Denmark''' - Ethcathinone, along with mephedrone and flephedrone, was banned in Denmark on December 18, 2008.<ref>Forbud mod tre nye stoffer | http://nyheder.tv2.dk/article.php/id-19197033.html?forside=</ref> | |||
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref> | |||
*'''United States''' - Ethylcathinone may be considered to be an analog of amphetamine, thus falling under the Federal Analog Act.The Federal Analog Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption. | *'''United States''' - Ethylcathinone may be considered to be an analog of amphetamine, thus falling under the Federal Analog Act.The Federal Analog Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Stimulants]] | *[[Stimulants]] | ||
*[[Cathinone]] | |||
*[[Methcathinone]] | |||
*[[Amphetamine]] | *[[Amphetamine]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Cathinone]] | ||
{{#set:Featured=true}} | {{#set:Featured=true}} | ||