6-APB: Difference between revisions

Line 109:

| [[File:Lolol.png|17px]]''Main articles: [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential]]'' ''&'' ''[[Responsible use #Hallucinogens|Responsible use § Hallucinogens]]''

|}

Due to only having a short-history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not known~~, though it would be reasonable to assume it is similar~~ to that of ~~[[MDA]] due to their molecular similarity~~. ~~As a potent releaser of serotonin~~, ~~tolerance builds quickly to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects~~ and ~~instead leaves the user~~ in ~~an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation~~ and ~~dysphoria~~.

Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Scientific study has come to the general consensus that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB is most certainly neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref><ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref> in some form, often manifesting as deficits in cognitive, affective and psychomotor function.

===Short-term health concerns===

Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include dehydration, insomnia, and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref>Though it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, though this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APB.

Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include dehydration, insomnia, and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref>Though it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat <ref>(PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, though this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APB.

The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]].

Line 126:

As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 6-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 6-APB develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.

As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. Tolerance to many of the effects of 6-APB develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.

===Dangerous interactions===

@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 | [[File:Lolol.png|17px]]''Main articles: [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential]]'' ''&'' ''[[Responsible use #Hallucinogens|Responsible use § Hallucinogens]]''
 |}
-Due to only having a short-history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not known, though it would be reasonable to assume it is similar to that of [[MDA]] due to their molecular similarity. As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria.
+Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Scientific study has come to the general consensus that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB is most certainly neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref><ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref> in some form, often manifesting as deficits in cognitive, affective and psychomotor function.
 ===Short-term health concerns===
-Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include dehydration, insomnia, and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref>Though it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, though this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APB.
+Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include dehydration, insomnia, and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref>Though it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat <ref>(PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, though this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APB.
 The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]].
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 6-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
-Tolerance to many of the effects of 6-APB develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
+As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. Tolerance to many of the effects of 6-APB develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
 ===Dangerous interactions===