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Sleep-wake cycle: Difference between revisions
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*The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref> | *The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref> | ||
*In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin, thereby inhibiting the hunger hormone orexin allowing one to fast while they sleep<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep) | *In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin, thereby inhibiting the hunger hormone orexin allowing one to fast while they sleep.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep) | ||
*High levels of adenosine activating the adenosine receptor A1 inhibit cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362278/ | Adenosine inhibits glutamatergic input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons</ref> thus gradually causing cognitive decline.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/ | The Role of Acetylcholine in Learning and Memory</ref> | *High levels of adenosine activating the adenosine receptor A1 inhibit cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362278/ | Adenosine inhibits glutamatergic input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons</ref> thus gradually causing cognitive decline.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/ | The Role of Acetylcholine in Learning and Memory</ref> | ||