Sleep-wake cycle: Difference between revisions

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===Approaching night===

*The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref>

*The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref>

*In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin, thereby inhibiting the hunger hormone orexin allowing one to fast while they sleep<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep)

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 ===Approaching night===
-*The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref>
+*The decreasing of the light levels which were activating melanopsin cells begins to shut off the signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,<ref>http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n10/fig_tab/nrn3086_F2.html | How light regulates the molecular clockwork in SCN neurons.</ref> stopping GABA from being sent to the pineal gland allowing melatonin to be released.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241849993_GABA_release_from_SCN_terminals_is_necessary_for_the_light-induced_inhibition_of_nocturnal_melatonin_release_in_the_rat | GABA release from SCN terminals is necessary for the light-induced inhibition of nocturnal melatonin release in the rat</ref>
 *In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin, thereby inhibiting the hunger hormone orexin allowing one to fast while they sleep<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep)