Sleep-wake cycle: Difference between revisions

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*High levels of adenosine activating the adenosine receptor A1 inhibit cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362278/ | Adenosine inhibits glutamatergic input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons</ref> thus gradually causing cognitive decline.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/ | The Role of Acetylcholine in Learning and Memory</ref>

*Activation of adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) causes the release of GABA thus inducing sleepiness. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15748171 | An adenosine A receptor agonist induces sleep by increasing GABA release in the tuberomammillary nucleus to inhibit histaminergic systems in rats.</ref>

*In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin allowing one to fast while they sleep<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep)

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 *High levels of adenosine activating the adenosine receptor A1 inhibit cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362278/ | Adenosine inhibits glutamatergic input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons</ref> thus gradually causing cognitive decline.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/ | The Role of Acetylcholine in Learning and Memory</ref>
+*Activation of adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) causes the release of GABA thus inducing sleepiness. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15748171 | An adenosine A receptor agonist induces sleep by increasing GABA release in the tuberomammillary nucleus to inhibit histaminergic systems in rats.</ref>
 *In the presence of insulin melatonin causes upregulation of leptin allowing one to fast while they sleep<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572654 | Melatonin enhances leptin expression by rat adipocytes in the presence of insulin.</ref> (If one has been fasting before sleep insulin levels will be low causing melatonin to downregulate leptin instead of upregulating it, thus encouraging one to eat before they sleep)