GHB: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

GHB has at least two distinct binding sites<ref>Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763489800533</ref> in the central nervous system. GHB is an [[agonist]] at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory,<ref>γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor (GABABR) binding sites are distinctive from one another: molecular evidence (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390804002527</ref><ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref> ~~and it~~ is a weak [[agonist]] at the [[GABA]]<sub>B</sub> receptor, which is inhibitory.<ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref>

GHB has at least two distinct binding sites<ref>Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763489800533</ref> in the central nervous system. GHB is an [[agonist]] at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory.<ref>γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor (GABABR) binding sites are distinctive from one another: molecular evidence (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390804002527</ref><ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref> It is also a weak [[agonist]] at the [[GABA]]<sub>B</sub> receptor, which is inhibitory.<ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref>

GHB induces the accumulation of either a derivative of [[tryptophan]] or [[tryptophan]] itself, possibly by increasing [[tryptophan]] transport across the blood–brain barrier. GHB-induced stimulation may be due to this increase in [[tryptophan]] transport to the brain and in its uptake by serotonergic cells. As the [[Serotonin|serotonergic]] system may be involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, and anxiety, the stimulation of this system by high doses of GHB may be involved in certain neuropharmacological events induced by GHB administration.

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 ==Pharmacology==
-GHB has at least two distinct binding sites<ref>Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763489800533</ref> in the central nervous system. GHB is an [[agonist]] at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory,<ref>γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor (GABABR) binding sites are distinctive from one another: molecular evidence (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390804002527</ref><ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref> and it is a weak [[agonist]] at the [[GABA]]<sub>B</sub> receptor, which is inhibitory.<ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref>
+GHB has at least two distinct binding sites<ref>Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763489800533</ref> in the central nervous system. GHB is an [[agonist]] at the newly characterized GHB receptor, which is excitatory.<ref>γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor (GABABR) binding sites are distinctive from one another: molecular evidence (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390804002527</ref><ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref> It is also a weak [[agonist]] at the [[GABA]]<sub>B</sub> receptor, which is inhibitory.<ref>A mechanism for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse | http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2005/03/medsci2005213p284/medsci2005213p284.html</ref>
 GHB induces the accumulation of either a derivative of [[tryptophan]] or [[tryptophan]] itself, possibly by increasing [[tryptophan]] transport across the blood–brain barrier. GHB-induced stimulation may be due to this increase in [[tryptophan]] transport to the brain and in its uptake by serotonergic cells. As the [[Serotonin|serotonergic]] system may be involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, and anxiety, the stimulation of this system by high doses of GHB may be involved in certain neuropharmacological events induced by GHB administration.