Modafinil: Difference between revisions

Line 41:

===Lethal dosage===

The median lethal dose at which 50% of participants die ([[LD50]]) from modafinil for human beings has never been reached. No life-threatening effects have taken place in clinical trials involving the administration of 1000mg to 1600mg of modafinil per day for 7 to 21 consecutive days. Intentional acute overdoses of 4500mg and 4000mg in two adult subjects and an accidental ingestion of 800mg by a three-year-old child did not result in any life-threatening effects or death. <ref>The National Library of Medicine - PROVIGIL | http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fd75a8a7-a8ab-4141-9af9-989a220b9c19</ref> After overdosing on 5000mg of modafinil in a suicide attempt, a fifteen-year-old female reported a severe [[Headaches|headache]], [[Nausea|nausea]], and [[Abnormal heartbeat|tachycardia]], but did not appear to have any lethal or long-term effects. <ref>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine - Unsuccessful Suicide Attempt of a 15 Year Old Adolescent with Ingestion of 5000 mg Modafinilhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725258</ref>

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

Although it is often used on a daily basis for extended periods of time, the long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil have not been determined.<ref>Pharmacotherapy for excessive daytime sleepiness | http://www.smrv-journal.com/article/S1087-0792(04)00024-3/abstract</ref> This substance does seem to have a tolerance and has been used by people for many months in a row with no noticeable side effects. Despite this, however, it does not seem to be addictive.

===Dangerous interactions===

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

====='''General risk'''=====

*'''[[25x-NBOMe]]''' - Both the NBOMe series and modafinil induce powerful [[stimulation]]. Side effects such as [[thought loops]], [[seizures]], [[increased blood pressure]], [[vasoconstriction]], [[increased heart rate]], and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.

*'''[[2C-T-2]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.

*'''[[2C-T-7]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.

*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a [[depressant]], with [[stimulants]] due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of alcohol, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[Alcohol#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.

*'''[[αMT]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination will increase strain on the heart.

*'''[[DXM]]''' - This combination may cause [[increased heart rate]] and [[Anxiety#Panic attacks|panic attack]]s (for extreme cases).

*'''[[MXE]]''' - [[Increased heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] may occur.

*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - This combination can increase the risk of [[seizures]].

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - Heart problems may occur.

*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of [[MDMA]] may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]]s.

*'''[[MAOIs]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include [[syrian rue]], [[banisteriopsis caapi]], and some [[antidepressants]].<ref>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity | http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/4/434</ref>

==Legal issues==

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 ===Lethal dosage===
 The median lethal dose at which 50% of participants die ([[LD50]]) from modafinil for human beings has never been reached. No life-threatening effects have taken place in clinical trials involving the administration of 1000mg to 1600mg of modafinil per day for 7 to 21 consecutive days. Intentional acute overdoses of 4500mg and 4000mg in two adult subjects and an accidental ingestion of 800mg by a three-year-old child did not result in any life-threatening effects or death. <ref>The National Library of Medicine - PROVIGIL | http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fd75a8a7-a8ab-4141-9af9-989a220b9c19</ref> After overdosing on 5000mg of modafinil in a suicide attempt, a fifteen-year-old female reported a severe [[Headaches|headache]], [[Nausea|nausea]], and [[Abnormal heartbeat|tachycardia]], but did not appear to have any lethal or long-term effects. <ref>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine - Unsuccessful Suicide Attempt of a 15 Year Old Adolescent with Ingestion of 5000 mg Modafinilhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725258</ref>
 ===Tolerance and addiction potential===
 Although it is often used on a daily basis for extended periods of time, the long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil have not been determined.<ref>Pharmacotherapy for excessive daytime sleepiness | http://www.smrv-journal.com/article/S1087-0792(04)00024-3/abstract</ref> This substance does seem to have a tolerance and has been used by people for many months in a row with no noticeable side effects. Despite this, however, it does not seem to be addictive.
+===Dangerous interactions===
+Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
+====='''General risk'''=====
+*'''[[25x-NBOMe]]''' - Both the NBOMe series and modafinil induce powerful [[stimulation]]. Side effects such as [[thought loops]], [[seizures]], [[increased blood pressure]], [[vasoconstriction]], [[increased heart rate]], and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.
+*'''[[2C-T-2]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.
+*'''[[2C-T-7]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.
+*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a [[depressant]], with [[stimulants]] due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of alcohol, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[Alcohol#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
+*'''[[αMT]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels.
+*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination will increase strain on the heart.
+*'''[[DXM]]''' - This combination may cause [[increased heart rate]] and [[Anxiety#Panic attacks|panic attack]]s (for extreme cases).
+*'''[[MXE]]''' - [[Increased heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] may occur.
+*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - This combination can increase the risk of [[seizures]].
+*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - Heart problems may occur.
+*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of [[MDMA]] may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]]s.
+*'''[[MAOIs]]''' - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include [[syrian rue]], [[banisteriopsis caapi]], and some [[antidepressants]].<ref>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity | http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/4/434</ref>
 ==Legal issues==