4-FA: Difference between revisions

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===Psychosis===

Abuse of amphetamines at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A Cochrane Collaboration review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>

===Dangerous interactions===

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

====='''General risk'''=====

*'''[[25x-NBOMe]]''' - Both the NBOMe series and amphetamine class induce powerful [[stimulation]]. Side effects such as [[thought loops]], [[seizures]], [[increased blood pressure]], [[vasoconstriction]], [[increased heart rate]], and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.

*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a [[depressant]], with [[stimulants]] due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of alcohol, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[Alcohol#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination will increase strain on the heart.

*'''[[DXM]]''' - This combination may cause [[increased heart rate]] and [[Anxiety#Panic attacks|panic attack]]s (for extreme cases).

*'''[[MXE]]''' - [[Increased heart rate]], [[increased blood pressure]], and [[manic]] states may occur.

*'''[[PCP]]''' - Hypermanic states may occur due to this combination.

*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - This combination can increase the risk of [[seizures]].

*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - Heart problems may occur.

====='''[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk'''====

*'''[[MAOIs]]''' - Examples include [[syrian rue]] and [[banisteriopsis caapi]]'''.

*'''[[2C-T-2]]'''

*'''[[2C-T-7]]'''

*'''[[αMT]]'''

==Legal issues==

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 ===Psychosis===
 Abuse of amphetamines at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A Cochrane Collaboration review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>
+===Dangerous interactions===
+Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
+====='''General risk'''=====
+*'''[[25x-NBOMe]]''' - Both the NBOMe series and amphetamine class induce powerful [[stimulation]]. Side effects such as [[thought loops]], [[seizures]], [[increased blood pressure]], [[vasoconstriction]], [[increased heart rate]], and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.
+*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a [[depressant]], with [[stimulants]] due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of alcohol, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[Alcohol#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
+*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination will increase strain on the heart.
+*'''[[DXM]]''' - This combination may cause [[increased heart rate]] and [[Anxiety#Panic attacks|panic attack]]s (for extreme cases).
+*'''[[MXE]]''' - [[Increased heart rate]], [[increased blood pressure]], and [[manic]] states may occur.
+*'''[[PCP]]''' - Hypermanic states may occur due to this combination.
+*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - This combination can increase the risk of [[seizures]].
+*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - Heart problems may occur.
+====='''[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk'''====
+*'''[[MAOIs]]''' - Examples include [[syrian rue]] and [[banisteriopsis caapi]]'''.
+*'''[[2C-T-2]]'''
+*'''[[2C-T-7]]'''
+*'''[[αMT]]'''
 ==Legal issues==