Dihydrocodeine: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Dihydrocodeine produces effects that are typical of μ-opioid agonists which suggests that it is pharmacologically similar to more traditional opioids such as [[codiene]] and [[morphine. These all appear to mimic endogenous endorphins. Endorphins are responsible for analgesia (reducing pain), causing sleepiness, and feelings of pleasure. They can be released in response to pain, strenuous exercise, orgasm, or excitement. This mimicking of natural endorphins results in the drug's [[euphoric]], [[analgesic]] (pain relief), and [[anxiolytic]] (anti-anxiety) effects. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized via CYP2D6 to the active metabolite, dihydromorphine, which has a potency similar to morphine. Other weakly active metabolites include nordihydrocodeine, which is formed via CYP3A4, and dihydrocodeine-6-glucuronide. <ref>Kirkwood LC, Nation RL, Somogyi AA. Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of dihydrocodeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;44:549-55.</ref>
Dihydrocodeine produces effects that are typical of μ-opioid agonists which suggests that it is pharmacologically similar to more traditional opioids such as [[codiene]] and [[morphine]]. These all appear to mimic endogenous endorphins. Endorphins are responsible for analgesia (reducing pain), causing sleepiness, and feelings of pleasure. They can be released in response to pain, strenuous exercise, orgasm, or excitement. This mimicking of natural endorphins results in the drug's [[euphoric]], [[analgesic]] (pain relief), and [[anxiolytic]] (anti-anxiety) effects. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized via CYP2D6 to the active metabolite dihydromorphine, which has a potency similar to morphine. Other weakly active metabolites include nordihydrocodeine (which is formed via CYP3A4) and dihydrocodeine-6-glucuronide. <ref>Kirkwood LC, Nation RL, Somogyi AA. Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of dihydrocodeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;44:549-55.</ref>


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==