Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

Line 20:

===Intramuscular===

Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful~~, and~~ onset and absorption ~~is decreased~~. Some drugs such as [[~~Ketamine~~]] ~~require IM administration~~.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.

Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to the intravenous route, but is often more painful with a decreased onset and absorption. Some drugs (such as [[ketamine]]) are commonly administered via this route.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.

===Rectal/Plugging===

Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/244/1/23.short</ref> <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ===Intramuscular===
-Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful, and onset and absorption is decreased. Some drugs such as [[Ketamine]] require IM administration.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.
+Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to the intravenous route, but is often more painful with a decreased onset and absorption. Some drugs (such as [[ketamine]]) are commonly administered via this route.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.
 ===Rectal/Plugging===
 Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/244/1/23.short</ref> <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.