Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

Line 17:

===Intravenous===

Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>, ~~however~~ much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant is required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This ~~method~~ is commonly used with substances such as [[~~Heroin~~]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.

Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of a very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>. However, much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant are required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This route is commonly used with substances such as [[heroin]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.

===Intramuscular===

Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful, and onset and absorption is decreased. Some drugs such as [[Ketamine]] require IM administration.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ===Intravenous===
-Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>, however much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant is required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This method is commonly used with substances such as [[Heroin]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.
+Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of a very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>. However, much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant are required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This route is commonly used with substances such as [[heroin]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.
 ===Intramuscular===
 Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful, and onset and absorption is decreased. Some drugs such as [[Ketamine]] require IM administration.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x/full</ref> Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.