Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

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===Smoked/Vaporized===

Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption, the most common examples of which ~~include~~ [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. ~~Vaporization~~ of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, duration is decreased while intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].

Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption with the most common examples of which including [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. The vaporization of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, the duration is decreased while its intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].

===Intravenous===

Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>, however much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant is required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This method is commonly used with substances such as [[Heroin]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.

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 ===Smoked/Vaporized===
-Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption, the most common examples of which include [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. Vaporization of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, duration is decreased while intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].
+Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption with the most common examples of which including [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. The vaporization of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, the duration is decreased while its intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].
 ===Intravenous===
 Intravenous administration refers to a drug being directly introduced into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle. This method has the benefit of very short onset and eliminates absorption by directly entering the bloodstream<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref>, however much greater care must be taken when compared to other methods of administration. Sterilized, unused needles and a high purity substance with little to no adulterant is required to avoid damage to the circulatory system.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/279/3/1345.short</ref> Making sure no air bubbles are present in the reservoir before the plunger is released is also of dire importance, as air bubbles in the bloodstream can easily be lethal.<ref>http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajr/article/viewFile/34461/6388</ref> This method is commonly used with substances such as [[Heroin]], but can be employed with almost any pure substance.