Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

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===Insufflation===

Insufflation (also referred to as snorting) refers to introducing a substance into the sinus via the nostrils. Insufflation is a very common method for substances in powder form. Many users find this ~~ROA~~ to be painful and uncomfortable, although certain substances are easier to insufflate than others. This method is capable of rapid absorption through mucous membranes and blood vessels in the sinus. Absorption and onset is generally much more rapid and subsequently a substance feels much more intense and often shorter acting than if taken orally. Insufflation is common among drugs such as [[cocaine]] and [[ketamine]], but is also known amongst yopo rituals. Insufflating [[tobacco]] in snuff form was common practice in the 20th century.

Insufflation (also referred to as snorting) refers to introducing a substance into the sinus via the nostrils. Insufflation is a very common method for substances in powder form. Many users find this route to be painful and uncomfortable, although certain substances are easier to insufflate than others. This method is capable of rapid absorption through mucous membranes and blood vessels in the sinus. Absorption and onset is generally much more rapid and, subsequently, a substance feels much more intense and often shorter acting than if taken orally. Insufflation is common among drugs such as [[cocaine]] and [[ketamine]], but is also known amongst [[yopo]] rituals. Insufflating [[tobacco]] in snuff form was common practice in the 20th century.

===Smoked/Vaporized===

Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption, the most common examples of which include [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. Vaporization of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, duration is decreased while intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].

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 ===Insufflation===
-Insufflation (also referred to as snorting) refers to introducing a substance into the sinus via the nostrils. Insufflation is a very common method for substances in powder form. Many users find this ROA to be painful and uncomfortable, although certain substances are easier to insufflate than others. This method is capable of rapid absorption through mucous membranes and blood vessels in the sinus. Absorption and onset is generally much more rapid and subsequently a substance feels much more intense and often shorter acting than if taken orally. Insufflation is common among drugs such as [[cocaine]] and [[ketamine]], but is also known amongst yopo rituals. Insufflating [[tobacco]] in snuff form was common practice in the 20th century.
+Insufflation (also referred to as snorting) refers to introducing a substance into the sinus via the nostrils. Insufflation is a very common method for substances in powder form. Many users find this route to be painful and uncomfortable, although certain substances are easier to insufflate than others. This method is capable of rapid absorption through mucous membranes and blood vessels in the sinus. Absorption and onset is generally much more rapid and, subsequently, a substance feels much more intense and often shorter acting than if taken orally. Insufflation is common among drugs such as [[cocaine]] and [[ketamine]], but is also known amongst [[yopo]] rituals. Insufflating [[tobacco]] in snuff form was common practice in the 20th century.
 ===Smoked/Vaporized===
 Smoking or vaporizing substances is a common method of consumption, the most common examples of which include [[cannabis]] and [[tobacco]]. Vaporization of substances can lead to an almost instantaneous absorption of the substance and passage through the blood brain barrier.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> When a substance is smoked or vaporized, the substance is absorbed through blood vessels found in the bronchi tubes contained within the lungs. Like insufflation, duration is decreased while intensity is increased in proportion to oral absorption. Smoking or vaporizing a substance also bypasses the GI tract's tendency to break certain substances down, such as [[DMT]].