Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

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Arguably the most common route of adminstration for most classes of drugs, oral adminstration allows a substance to be absorbed through blood vessels contained in the stomach, where Enterochromaffin cells contain approximately 90% of the bodys serotonin.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=HkOhFssK5UIC&pg=PT161#v=o</ref> Onset is generally slower than other methods of ingestion, varying between substances.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> This method can also cause a greater propensity for nausea compared to other methods, and duration and absorption is longer.<ref>http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Abstract/1988/12000/Analgesic_and_Hyperalgesic_Effects_of_Midazolam_.10.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.google.com/patents/US4229447</ref>

===Sublingual===

Sublingual administration refers to absorption under the ~~tounge~~. <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> It is a common route of administration for drugs such as [[LSD]]. Sublingual administration can result in a faster absorption. It also circumvents the GI tracts tendency to break down certain drugs, such as [[25I-NBOMe]], which absorbs sublingual and buccal but not orally. Sublingual administration results in the substance being absorbed through the large lingual artery present underneath the ~~tounge~~.

Sublingual administration refers to absorption under the tongue. <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> It is a common route of administration for drugs such as [[LSD]]. Sublingual administration can result in a faster absorption. It also circumvents the GI tracts tendency to break down certain drugs, such as [[25I-NBOMe]], which absorbs sublingual and buccal but not orally. Sublingual administration results in the substance being absorbed through the large lingual artery present underneath the tongue.

===Buccal===

Buccal administration refers to absorption in the cheek and gum. This is commonly employed when ingesting drugs such as [[25I-NBOMe|25I-NBOMe]], [[LSD]], and other substances impregnated on blotter paper. Like sublingual, the substance is largely absorbed through the lingual artery but is also absorbed through gum lining. This method is also used when chewing plant leaves such as [[Khat]], [[Salvia Divinorum]], and commonly [[Tobacco]].

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 Arguably the most common route of adminstration for most classes of drugs, oral adminstration allows a substance to be absorbed through blood vessels contained in the stomach, where Enterochromaffin cells contain approximately 90% of the bodys serotonin.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=HkOhFssK5UIC&pg=PT161#v=o</ref> Onset is generally slower than other methods of ingestion, varying between substances.<ref>http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v28/n3/abs/clpt1980181a.html</ref> This method can also cause a greater propensity for nausea compared to other methods, and duration and absorption is longer.<ref>http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Abstract/1988/12000/Analgesic_and_Hyperalgesic_Effects_of_Midazolam_.10.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.google.com/patents/US4229447</ref>
 ===Sublingual===
-Sublingual administration refers to absorption under the tounge. <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> It is a common route of administration for drugs such as [[LSD]]. Sublingual administration can result in a faster absorption. It also circumvents the GI tracts tendency to break down certain drugs, such as [[25I-NBOMe]], which absorbs sublingual and buccal but not orally. Sublingual administration results in the substance being absorbed through the large lingual artery present underneath the tounge.
+Sublingual administration refers to absorption under the tongue. <ref>http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/69.extract</ref> It is a common route of administration for drugs such as [[LSD]]. Sublingual administration can result in a faster absorption. It also circumvents the GI tracts tendency to break down certain drugs, such as [[25I-NBOMe]], which absorbs sublingual and buccal but not orally. Sublingual administration results in the substance being absorbed through the large lingual artery present underneath the tongue.
 ===Buccal===
 Buccal administration refers to absorption in the cheek and gum. This is commonly employed when ingesting drugs such as [[25I-NBOMe|25I-NBOMe]], [[LSD]], and other substances impregnated on blotter paper. Like sublingual, the substance is largely absorbed through the lingual artery but is also absorbed through gum lining. This method is also used when chewing plant leaves such as [[Khat]], [[Salvia Divinorum]], and commonly [[Tobacco]].