Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

Line 17:

Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful, and onset and absorption is decreased. Some drugs such as Ketamine require IM administration. Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.

===Rectal/Plugging===

Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances. The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.

Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/244/1/23.short</ref> The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.

==See Also==

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 Intramuscular administration refers to a drug being injected into the muscle tissue using a hypodermic needle. This method is very similar to intravenous but is often more painful, and onset and absorption is decreased. Some drugs such as Ketamine require IM administration. Like intravenous administration, intramuscular injection must be taken with precaution, using sterilized unused needles and not leaving any residual air bubbles in the reservoir.
 ===Rectal/Plugging===
-Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances. The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.
+Rectal administration, also commonly referred to as plugging, is one of the most effective methods of administration for many substances.<ref>http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/244/1/23.short</ref> The absorption rate is very high compared to other methods and onset is usually very short, generally with a higher intensity and shorter duration. This is due to the large amount of arteries located in the rectum, thus rectal administration is often superior to other methods, despite social stigma.
 ==See Also==