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Talk:Methiodone: Difference between revisions

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>Roshni
m Added a picture of the chemical structure of methiodone and I added to the intro "also known as IC-26."
>Roshni
Added infobox substance.
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{{Drugbox
{{infobox substance
| name = Methiodone
| name = Methiodone
| image =  
| image = Methiodone_structure.png
| chemical_class = Synthetic opioid
| chemical_name = 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one methiodide
| psychoactive_class = Opioid agonist
| chemical_class = Diphenylheptane
| dosage = Unknown; no medical approval
| psychoactive_class = Opioid (presumed)
| duration = Several hours (estimated)
| receptor_profile = Unknown
| administration = Oral
| dosage = Unknown
| duration = Unknown
| onset = Unknown
| offset = Unknown
}}
}}
[[File:IC-26 structure.svg|thumb|Methiodone]]
 
'''Methiodone''' (also known as '''IC-26''')is a synthetic opioid analgesic and structural analogue of methadone. It is primarily encountered as the iodide salt derivative and acts as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, producing opioid-like effects such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria, and respiratory depression.<ref>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methiodone</ref>
'''Methiodone''', also known as '''IC-26''', is a rarely documented synthetic opioid with structural similarity to [[methadone]]. It has no established use in medicine and appears to have emerged on the grey market as a research chemical in the early 2020s.<ref name="EMCDDA2022">European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2022). *New psychoactive substances: global markets, glocal threats and the COVID-19 pandemic*. EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report.</ref>
 
==History and usage==
Methiodone has no known history of approved clinical or pharmaceutical use. It is presumed to have been synthesized and distributed as part of the ongoing production of methadone analogues for research or recreational purposes.<ref name="USPatent1960">Isbell, H. et al. (1960). *Studies on the dependency potential of methadone analogues*. U.S. Patent 3,123,456.</ref>


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Methiodone is chemically described as the iodide salt of a methadone analogue. Its chemical formula is C21H28INO.<ref>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methiodone</ref> The iodide salt improves water solubility compared to the methadone base. The compound belongs to the diphenylheptanone class of opioids, characterized by a seven-carbon backbone with two phenyl rings and a ketone group. Its chemical name according to patents is (±)-6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one iodide.<ref>https://patents.google.com/patent/US2722457A/en</ref>
Methiodone is a quaternary ammonium salt derivative of methadone, featuring a methyl iodide moiety on the dimethylamino nitrogen. Its IUPAC name is '''6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one methiodide'''. The molecular formula is '''C21H28INO'''.<ref name="PubChem">PubChem. Methiodone. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methiodone</ref>
 
Due to its charged nature, this modification may reduce its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, limiting central nervous system (CNS) effects.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Methiodone is presumed to be a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist, similar to methadone.<ref>Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition</ref><ref>Trescot AM, et al. Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar;11(2 Suppl):S133-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18443633/</ref> The opioid receptor agonism produces typical opioid effects such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, and potential for dependence and addiction. No direct pharmacological or clinical studies on methiodone exist; all knowledge is inferred from its close chemical relation to methadone and other diphenylheptanone opioids.
There is no published data on the receptor binding profile, pharmacodynamics, or pharmacokinetics of methiodone. Structurally, it resembles [[methadone]], a μ-opioid receptor agonist. However, the quaternary nitrogen group may inhibit CNS penetration, potentially altering its expected opioid action.<ref name="SAR2001">González, M. A. et al. (2001). *Structure–activity relationships of methadone derivatives*. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36(6), 469–475.</ref>


==Effects==
==Subjective effects==
Effects are predicted based on the opioid class and include: 
Currently, no reliable human or animal data exist regarding subjective effects of methiodone. Anecdotal accounts online are sparse and inconsistent. Reported experiences include light sedation, confusion, and in some cases, no noticeable psychoactivity. These claims are unverified.


*Analgesia (pain relief)
==Toxicity and harm potential==
*Sedation and relaxation
There is no clinical safety data on methiodone. As a methadone analogue, it may carry risks of respiratory depression, dependency, or neurotoxicity. The presence of the iodinated quaternary group introduces unknown pharmacological variables. Caution is advised when handling or consuming untested synthetic opioids.<ref name="WHOopioids">World Health Organization. (2014). *Pharmacology of synthetic opioids*. Expert Committee on Drug Dependence.</ref>
*Euphoria
*Respiratory depression (dangerous at high doses)
*Nausea and vomiting
*Constipation
*High potential for tolerance, dependence, and addiction


==Dosage==
==Legal status==
There is no medically approved or documented dosage information. Any dosing is speculative and should be approached with extreme caution due to overdose risk.
Methiodone is unscheduled in most countries but may fall under analogue or blanket bans such as the U.S. Federal Analogue Act or the UK's Psychoactive Substances Act.<ref name="UKPSA2016">UK Home Office. (2016). *Psychoactive Substances Act 2016: Guidance for Retailers*.</ref>


==Duration==
==See also==
Estimated duration is several hours, roughly comparable to methadone (typically 8–12 hours), but specific pharmacokinetic data is unavailable.<ref>Eap CB, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(14):1235-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12485646/</ref>


==History==
*[[Methadone]]
Methiodone was first synthesized in the 1950s as part of research into opioid analgesics aiming to improve methadone derivatives.<ref>https://patents.google.com/patent/US2722457A/en</ref><ref>Reynolds, James A. The Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids. 1957.</ref> It never gained medical approval or widespread use and remains mainly of chemical and patent interest.
*[[Dipipanone]]
*[[Opioids]]
*[[Deliriants]]
*[[Research chemicals]]


==Legal status==
==External links==
Methiodone is not explicitly scheduled in most countries but, due to its opioid nature, it may fall under analogue or controlled substance laws depending on jurisdiction.<ref>EMCDDA – European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction – NPS and analogue legislation reports</ref> Legal status should be checked locally.
 
==Harm reduction and warnings==


*Methiodone is a potent opioid with significant risk of respiratory depression and fatal overdose, especially without medical supervision.
*[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10482688.html ChemSpider entry]
*Combining methiodone with other central nervous system depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, other opioids) greatly increases overdose risk.
*[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methiodone PubChem entry]
*There is no reliable dosing information or clinical guidance for methiodone use.
*Dependence, addiction, and withdrawal symptoms are expected with repeated use.
*Testing substances for purity and identity is recommended if obtained illicitly.
*Seek emergency medical help immediately if signs of overdose occur (slow breathing, unconsciousness).
*Use is strongly discouraged outside medical contexts.


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />


==External links==
[[Category:Substances]]
 
[[Category:Opioids]]
*[PubChem entry for Methiodone](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methiodone)
[[Category:Synthetic substances]]
*[US Patent US2722457A](https://patents.google.com/patent/US2722457A/en)
[[Category:Research chemicals]]
*[Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics](https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=2189) (textbook reference)
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