Safer injection guide: Difference between revisions

Line 45:

* '''Substances''': See [[List of psychoactive substances to avoid#Contraindicated substances for injection]]

*'''Increased risk of [[Drug overdose|overdose]]''' - This risk is especially present with [[opiates]] such as [[heroin]]. If one is injecting opiates, it is important to have [[naloxone]] available, if possible, as this can reverse the effects of an opiate [[drug overdose]] if administered quickly.<ref>Overdose Prevention For Injection Drug Users (drugpolicy.org) | http://www.drugpolicy.org/resource/overdose-prevention-injection-drug-users</ref> The risk of fatal overdoses rise sharply after a period of cessation and relapse, largely because of reduced tolerance.<ref>Why Heroin Relapse Often Ends In Death - Lauren F Friedman (Business Insider) | http://www.businessinsider.com.au/philip-seymour-hoffman-overdose-2014-2</ref> To account for this lack of tolerance, it is safer to only dose a small fraction of one's usual [[dosage]] if relapsing after an extended break. It has also been found that the environment one is in can play a role fatal overdosing. In one scientific study, rats were significantly more likely to die after receiving their dose in an environment not associated with the drug in contrast to a familiar environment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Siegel, S.)), ((Hinson, R. E.)), ((Krank, M. D.)), ((McCully, J.)) | journal=Science | title=Heroin “Overdose” Death: Contribution of Drug-Associated Environmental Cues | volume=216 | issue=4544 | pages=436–437 | date=23 April 1982 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7200260 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.7200260}}</ref> Other drugs are conditionally intramuscularly self-injected to prevent intravenous complications that can be prevented in a hospital setting. For example, [[ketamine]] taken intravenously quicker than 1.5 minute can cause breathing depression for short time (up to a minute).<ref>Ketamine: Dreams and Realities, p276</ref>

* '''Poor water solubility''' - Avoid heating up solutions of substances with poor water solubility (yohimbine, and [[caffeine]], for example), because they will go back to their solid state once you have injected them into the body. Dilute them with more water and use larger volume syringes if needed.

* '''Highly caustic/acidic substances''' - Avoid to inject substances with notable low or high pH, without pH neutralize them first. Examples of caustic substances: [[4-FA]] or [[phenibut]] hydrochloride.

** Homemade extracts from plants and fungi should never be injected.

*** Cannabis: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_marijuana_syndrome Intravenous marijuana syndrome] is a distinct short-term clinical syndrome related to the intravenous injection of boiled cannabis broth, which had been filtered through a cotton cloth.

*** Magic mushroom tea: A man almost died from fungal infection after he administered magic mushroom tea intrevenously.<ref>{{cite web |last1=published |first1=Nicoletta Lanese |title='Magic mushrooms' grow in man's blood after injection with shroom tea |url=https://www.livescience.com/magic-mushroom-injection-case-report.html |website=livescience.com |language=en |date=13 January 2021}}</ref>

====Dosage forms not intended for injection====

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 * '''Substances''': See [[List of psychoactive substances to avoid#Contraindicated substances for injection]]
 *'''Increased risk of [[Drug overdose|overdose]]''' - This risk is especially present with [[opiates]] such as [[heroin]]. If one is injecting opiates, it is important to have [[naloxone]] available, if possible, as this can reverse the effects of an opiate [[drug overdose]] if administered quickly.<ref>Overdose Prevention For Injection Drug Users (drugpolicy.org) | http://www.drugpolicy.org/resource/overdose-prevention-injection-drug-users</ref> The risk of fatal overdoses rise sharply after a period of cessation and relapse, largely because of reduced tolerance.<ref>Why Heroin Relapse Often Ends In Death - Lauren F Friedman (Business Insider) | http://www.businessinsider.com.au/philip-seymour-hoffman-overdose-2014-2</ref> To account for this lack of tolerance, it is safer to only dose a small fraction of one's usual [[dosage]] if relapsing after an extended break. It has also been found that the environment one is in can play a role fatal overdosing. In one scientific study, rats were significantly more likely to die after receiving their dose in an environment not associated with the drug in contrast to a familiar environment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Siegel, S.)), ((Hinson, R. E.)), ((Krank, M. D.)), ((McCully, J.)) | journal=Science | title=Heroin “Overdose” Death: Contribution of Drug-Associated Environmental Cues | volume=216 | issue=4544 | pages=436–437 | date=23 April 1982 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7200260 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.7200260}}</ref> Other drugs are conditionally intramuscularly self-injected to prevent intravenous complications that can be prevented in a hospital setting. For example, [[ketamine]] taken intravenously quicker than 1.5 minute can cause breathing depression for short time (up to a minute).<ref>Ketamine: Dreams and Realities, p276</ref>
-* '''Poor water solubility''' - Avoid heating up solutions of substances with poor water solubility (yohimbine, and [[caffeine]], for example), because they will go back to their solid state once you have injected them into the body. Dilute them with more water and use larger volume syringes if needed.
-* '''Highly caustic/acidic substances''' - Avoid to inject substances with notable low or high pH, without pH neutralize them first. Examples of caustic substances: [[4-FA]] or [[phenibut]] hydrochloride.
-** Homemade extracts from plants and fungi should never be injected.
-*** Cannabis: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_marijuana_syndrome Intravenous marijuana syndrome] is a distinct short-term clinical syndrome related to the intravenous injection of boiled cannabis broth, which had been filtered through a cotton cloth.
-*** Magic mushroom tea: A man almost died from fungal infection after he administered magic mushroom tea intrevenously.<ref>{{cite web |last1=published |first1=Nicoletta Lanese |title='Magic mushrooms' grow in man's blood after injection with shroom tea |url=https://www.livescience.com/magic-mushroom-injection-case-report.html |website=livescience.com |language=en |date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
 ====Dosage forms not intended for injection====