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Heroin: Difference between revisions
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==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include: | Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include: | ||
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Like many other opioids, unadulterated heroin at appropriate dosages does not cause many long-term complications other than physical and psychological dependence and [[constipation]]. Outside of the extremely powerful addiction and physical dependence, the harmful or toxic aspects of opioid usage are exclusively associated with not taking [[responsible use|the necessary precautions]] in regards to [[injected|its administration]], [[dosage|overdosing]] and using impure heroin products that contain harmful additives. | Like many other opioids, unadulterated heroin at appropriate dosages does not cause many long-term complications other than physical and psychological dependence and [[constipation]]. Outside of the extremely powerful addiction and physical dependence, the harmful or toxic aspects of opioid usage are exclusively associated with not taking [[responsible use|the necessary precautions]] in regards to [[injected|its administration]], [[dosage|overdosing]] and using impure heroin products that contain harmful additives. | ||
Heavy dosages of heroin can result in severe [[respiratory depression]] which can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of anoxia (oxygen deprivation). This occurs because the breathing reflex is suppressed by [[agonists|agonism]] of [[µ-opioid receptors]] - this effect is proportional to the dosage of the substance consumed. | Heavy dosages of heroin can result in severe [[respiratory depression]] which can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of anoxia (oxygen deprivation). This occurs because the breathing reflex is suppressed by [[agonists|agonism]] of [[µ-opioid receptors]] - this effect is proportional to the dosage of the substance consumed. | ||
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===Dependence and abuse potential=== | ===Dependence and abuse potential=== | ||
As with other [[opioids]], the chronic use of heroin can be considered | As with other [[opioids]], the chronic use of heroin can be considered extremely addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological and physical dependence among certain users. When psychological or physical addiction has developed, mental and physical [[Opioids#Discontinuation|withdrawal symptoms]] and cravings may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | ||
Tolerance to many of the effects of heroin [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. The rate at which this occurs develops at different rates for different effects, with tolerance to the constipation-inducing effects developing particularly slowly for instance. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same psychoactive effects of a previously lower dose. After heroin tolerance has developed, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Heroin presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all other [[opioids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of heroin all [[opioid]]s will have a reduced effect. | Tolerance to many of the effects of heroin [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. The rate at which this occurs develops at different rates for different effects, with tolerance to the constipation-inducing effects developing particularly slowly for instance. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same psychoactive effects of a previously lower dose. After heroin tolerance has developed, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Heroin presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all other [[opioids]]]], meaning that after the consumption of heroin all [[opioid]]s will have a reduced effect. | ||