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Routes of administration: Difference between revisions
>David Hedlund |
>David Hedlund Move 25I-NBOMe under ===Oral=== ====Risks==== |
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Determining an optimal route of administration is highly dependent on the substance consumed, its desired duration and potency and side effects, and one's personal comfort level. | Determining an optimal route of administration is highly dependent on the substance consumed, its desired duration and potency and side effects, and one's personal comfort level. | ||
==Safety precautions for | ==Safety precautions for substances that affects multiple routes of administration== | ||
===Orally inactive tryptamines=== | ===Orally inactive tryptamines=== | ||
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===Oral=== | ===Oral=== | ||
Oral administration is the most common route of administration for most substance classes. This route allows a substance to be absorbed through blood vessels lining the stomach and intestines. The onset is generally slower than other methods of ingestion as it must undergo first-pass metabolism through the liver (may vary greatly between individual substances).<ref name="Ohlsson1980">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Ohlsson, A.)), ((Lindgren, J.-E.)), ((Wahlen, A.)), ((Agurell, S.)), ((Hollister, L. E.)), ((Gillespie, H. K.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Plasma delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations and clinical effects after oral and intravenous administration and smoking | volume=28 | issue=3 | pages=409–416 | date= September 1980 | url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1038/clpt.1980.181 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1038/clpt.1980.181}}</ref> Additionally, the absorption and overall duration are generally longer as well. | Oral administration is the most common route of administration for most substance classes. This route allows a substance to be absorbed through blood vessels lining the stomach and intestines. The onset is generally slower than other methods of ingestion as it must undergo first-pass metabolism through the liver (may vary greatly between individual substances).<ref name="Ohlsson1980">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Ohlsson, A.)), ((Lindgren, J.-E.)), ((Wahlen, A.)), ((Agurell, S.)), ((Hollister, L. E.)), ((Gillespie, H. K.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Plasma delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations and clinical effects after oral and intravenous administration and smoking | volume=28 | issue=3 | pages=409–416 | date= September 1980 | url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1038/clpt.1980.181 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1038/clpt.1980.181}}</ref> Additionally, the absorption and overall duration are generally longer as well. | ||
====Risks==== | ====Risks==== | ||
This method can also have a greater propensity for [[nausea]] and gastrointestinal discomfort.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Niv, D.)), ((Davidovich, S.)), ((Geller, E.)), ((Urca, G.)) | journal=Anesthesia and Analgesia | title=Analgesic and hyperalgesic effects of midazolam: dependence on route of administration | volume=67 | issue=12 | pages=1169–1173 | date= December 1988 | issn=0003-2999}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Porter, W. R.)) | title=Intraoral methods of using benzodiazepines | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4229447/en}}</ref> | This method can also have a greater propensity for [[nausea]] and gastrointestinal discomfort.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Niv, D.)), ((Davidovich, S.)), ((Geller, E.)), ((Urca, G.)) | journal=Anesthesia and Analgesia | title=Analgesic and hyperalgesic effects of midazolam: dependence on route of administration | volume=67 | issue=12 | pages=1169–1173 | date= December 1988 | issn=0003-2999}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Porter, W. R.)) | title=Intraoral methods of using benzodiazepines | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4229447/en}}</ref> | ||
[[25I-NBOMe]] is widely rumored to be orally inactive; however, apparent overdoses have occurred via oral administration. | |||
===Sublingual=== | ===Sublingual=== | ||