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Inhalants: Difference between revisions
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Inhalants do not include substances that are breathed in after they have been heated through vaporization or burned. For example, [[poppers|amyl nitrite]] (poppers), [[nitrous oxide]] and [[toluene]] are considered to be inhalants because they are volatile at room temperature and need no other heat source to transform from liquid to gaseous state. [[Tobacco]], [[cannabis]], [[cocaine|crack-cocaine]], or any other [[:category:psychoactive substance|psychoactive substance]] that requires an external heat source is not considered to be a member of the inhalant category of substances, even though once heated the resulting fumes are inhaled into the lungs. | Inhalants do not include substances that are breathed in after they have been heated through vaporization or burned. For example, [[poppers|amyl nitrite]] (poppers), [[nitrous oxide]] and [[toluene]] are considered to be inhalants because they are volatile at room temperature and need no other heat source to transform from liquid to gaseous state. [[Tobacco]], [[cannabis]], [[cocaine|crack-cocaine]], or any other [[:category:psychoactive substance|psychoactive substance]] that requires an external heat source is not considered to be a member of the inhalant category of substances, even though once heated the resulting fumes are inhaled into the lungs. | ||
==Overview== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Safety | |||
! Category | |||
! Sub category | |||
! Psychoactive effect | |||
! [[ICD-10]] | |||
! Examples | |||
! Example image | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants Medical inhalants] | |||
| [[Nitrite]]s | |||
| | |||
| [[Dissociative]] | |||
| {{ICD10|T|65|3|t|51}}<br />{{ICD10|T|65|5|t|51}} | |||
| [[Alkyl nitrites]] ([[poppers]] such as [[amyl nitrite]]) | |||
| [[Image:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|frameless|center|90x50px]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[NOx]] | |||
| | |||
| [[Dissociative]] | |||
| {{ICD10|T|59|0|t|51}} | |||
| [[Nitrous oxide]] (found in whipped cream canisters) | |||
| [[Image:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|frameless|center|150x50px]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="7" | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants#Historical Medical (historical)] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Ether]]s | |||
| | |||
| [[Depressant]] | |||
| | |||
| [[Diethyl ether]] (liquid): Fuel, aerosol propellant, refrigerant, “freeze” sprays, fuel | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="5" | Hydrocarbons | |||
| rowspan="5" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | |||
| rowspan="5" | [[Depressant]] | |||
| rowspan="5" | {{ICD10|T|53||t|51}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Carbon tetrachloride]] (liquid): Cleaning solutions, aerosol propellants | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Chloroethane]] (liquid): Topical anesthetic | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Chloroform]] (liquid): Cleanser for plastic compounds, adhesive, spot remover | |||
| [[Image:Chloroform displayed.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[1,1,1-Trichloroethane]] (liquid): Typewriter correction fluid | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="19" | Toxic | |||
|- | |||
| [[Ether]]s | |||
| | |||
| [[Depressant]] | |||
| | |||
| [[Dimethyl ether]] (liquid): See "ethyl ether" for sources | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="16" | Hydrocarbons | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="4" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | |||
| rowspan="4" | [[Depressant]] | |||
| rowspan="4" | {{ICD10|T|53||t|51}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Methylene chloride]] (liquid): Paint thinners, varnish removers, degreasing agent | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Tetrachloroethylene]] (liquid): Dry cleaning agents, degreaser | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Trichloroethylene]] (liquid): Dry cleaning agent, spot remover, degreaser | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="7" | [[Aliphatic hydrocarbon]]s | |||
| rowspan="7" | [[Dissociative]] | |||
| rowspan="7" | {{ICD10|T|52|0|t|51}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Butane]], [[propane]], [[methane]] (gas): Lighter fluid, bottled fuel, aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, deodorants, room fresheners, cooking oil sprays)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radparvar |first1=S |title=The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Inhalant Abuse. |journal=The Permanente journal |date=15 June 2023 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=99-109 |doi=10.7812/TPP/22.164 |pmid=37078126 |pmc=10266853}}</ref> | |||
| [[Image:Butane simple.svg|frameless|center|90x60px]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[n-Hexane]] (liquid): Adhesive, gasoline, industrial solvents, rubber cement | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Isooctane]] (liquid): Automotive fuel | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Kerosene]] (liquid): Lighter fluid | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Naphtha]] (liquid): Shoe polish, adhesive | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Turpentine]] (liquid): Paint thinner, solvent | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[Dissociative]] | |||
| {{ICD10|T|52|1|t|51}} | |||
| [[Benzene]] (liquid): Gasoline, rubber cement | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{ICD10|T|52|2|t|51}} | |||
| [[Toluene]] (liquid): Adhesives, paint thinner, spray paint, rubber cement, nail polish remover | |||
| [[Image:Toluol.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Xylene]] (liquid) Paint thinner, adhesive, degreaser | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Fluorocarbon]]s | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| Chlorofluorocarbons (gas): (freons: difluoroethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane) Refrigerants, various aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, computer spray or duster, deodorants, room fresheners, fire extinguisher) | |||
|- | |||
| [[Ketone]]s | |||
| | |||
| [[Depressant]] | |||
| {{ICD10|T|52|4|t|51}} | |||
| [[Acetone]] (used in [[nail polish remover]]) | |||
| [[Image:Acetone-2D-skeletal.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | |||
|} | |||
==Medical inhalants== | ==Medical inhalants== | ||