Methylphenidate: Difference between revisions

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|{{effects/physical|

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Methylphenidate is usually reported to be energetic and stimulating ~~in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of~~ [[amphetamine]] or [[~~methamphetamine~~]] and stronger than ~~that of~~ [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity but at higher dosages it can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which methylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.

*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' Methylphenidate is usually reported to be highly energetic and distinctively stimulating, similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] and stronger than [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity but at higher dosages it can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which methylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.

*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name="Montastruc">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Montastruc, F.)), ((Montastruc, G.)), ((Montastruc, J.-L.)), ((Revet, A.)) | journal=BMJ | title=Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate should also be considered in adults | pages=i3418 | date=22 June 2016 | url=https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.i3418 | issn=1756-1833 | doi=10.1136/bmj.i3418}}</ref><ref name="Leonard">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Leonard, B. E.)), ((McCartan, D.)), ((White, J.)), ((King, D. J.)) | journal=Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental | title=Methylphenidate: a review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological and adverse clinical effects | volume=19 | issue=3 | pages=151–180 | date= April 2004 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.579 | issn=0885-6222 | doi=10.1002/hup.579}}</ref>

*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''<ref name="Montastruc" /><ref name="Leonard" />

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*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - Higher doses of methylphenidate can increase sexual desire, although this enhancement is reported to be less intense and reliable than amphetamines and cocaine.

*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' - This effect is experienced only at common to high dosages as well as in low lighting and is more prominent on the comedown.

}}

|{{effects/cognitive|

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 |{{effects/physical|
-*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Methylphenidate is usually reported to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of [[amphetamine]] or [[methamphetamine]] and stronger than that of [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity but at higher dosages it can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which methylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
+*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' Methylphenidate is usually reported to be highly energetic and distinctively stimulating, similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] and stronger than [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity but at higher dosages it can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which methylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
 *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name="Montastruc">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Montastruc, F.)), ((Montastruc, G.)), ((Montastruc, J.-L.)), ((Revet, A.)) | journal=BMJ | title=Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate should also be considered in adults | pages=i3418 | date=22 June 2016 | url=https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.i3418 | issn=1756-1833 | doi=10.1136/bmj.i3418}}</ref><ref name="Leonard">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Leonard, B. E.)), ((McCartan, D.)), ((White, J.)), ((King, D. J.)) | journal=Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental | title=Methylphenidate: a review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological and adverse clinical effects | volume=19 | issue=3 | pages=151–180 | date= April 2004 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.579 | issn=0885-6222 | doi=10.1002/hup.579}}</ref>
 *'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''<ref name="Montastruc" /><ref name="Leonard" />
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - Higher doses of methylphenidate can increase sexual desire, although this enhancement is reported to be less intense and reliable than amphetamines and cocaine.
-*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' - This effect is experienced only at common to high dosages as well as in low lighting and is more prominent on the comedown.
 }}
 |{{effects/cognitive|