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Safer injection guide: Difference between revisions
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===Substances that are dangerous to inject=== | ===Substances that are dangerous to inject=== | ||
*'''Increased risk of [[Drug overdose|overdose]]''' - This risk is especially present with [[opiates]] such as [[heroin]]. If one is injecting opiates, it is important to have [[naloxone]] available, if possible, as this can reverse the effects of an opiate [[drug overdose]] if administered quickly.<ref>Overdose Prevention For Injection Drug Users (drugpolicy.org) | http://www.drugpolicy.org/resource/overdose-prevention-injection-drug-users</ref> The risk of fatal overdoses rise sharply after a period of cessation and [[relapse]], largely because of reduced tolerance.<ref>Why Heroin Relapse Often Ends In Death - Lauren F Friedman (Business Insider) | http://www.businessinsider.com.au/philip-seymour-hoffman-overdose-2014-2</ref> To account for this lack of tolerance, it is safer to only dose a small fraction of one's usual [[dosage]] if relapsing after an extended break. It has also been found that the environment one is in can play a role fatal overdosing. In one scientific study, rats were significantly more likely to die after receiving their dose in an environment not associated with the drug in contrast to a familiar environment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Siegel, S.)), ((Hinson, R. E.)), ((Krank, M. D.)), ((McCully, J.)) | journal=Science | title=Heroin “Overdose” Death: Contribution of Drug-Associated Environmental Cues | volume=216 | issue=4544 | pages=436–437 | date=23 April 1982 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7200260 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.7200260}}</ref> | *'''Increased risk of [[Drug overdose|overdose]]''' - This risk is especially present with [[opiates]] such as [[heroin]]. If one is injecting opiates, it is important to have [[naloxone]] available, if possible, as this can reverse the effects of an opiate [[drug overdose]] if administered quickly.<ref>Overdose Prevention For Injection Drug Users (drugpolicy.org) | http://www.drugpolicy.org/resource/overdose-prevention-injection-drug-users</ref> The risk of fatal overdoses rise sharply after a period of cessation and [[relapse]], largely because of reduced tolerance.<ref>Why Heroin Relapse Often Ends In Death - Lauren F Friedman (Business Insider) | http://www.businessinsider.com.au/philip-seymour-hoffman-overdose-2014-2</ref> To account for this lack of tolerance, it is safer to only dose a small fraction of one's usual [[dosage]] if relapsing after an extended break. It has also been found that the environment one is in can play a role fatal overdosing. In one scientific study, rats were significantly more likely to die after receiving their dose in an environment not associated with the drug in contrast to a familiar environment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Siegel, S.)), ((Hinson, R. E.)), ((Krank, M. D.)), ((McCully, J.)) | journal=Science | title=Heroin “Overdose” Death: Contribution of Drug-Associated Environmental Cues | volume=216 | issue=4544 | pages=436–437 | date=23 April 1982 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7200260 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.7200260}}</ref> | ||
* '''Substances that are never safe to take intravenously''' -For example, [[hydroxyzine]] injection solutions for intravenous use is not available because they pose a risk of causing hemolysis.<ref>https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00557</ref><!-- Added to: Routes of administration, Safer injection guide --> | * '''Substances that are never safe to take intravenously''' - For example, [[hydroxyzine]] injection solutions for intravenous use is not available because they pose a risk of causing hemolysis.<ref>https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00557</ref><!-- Added to: Routes of administration, Safer injection guide --> | ||
* Other drugs are conditionally intramusculary self-injected to prevent intravenous complications that can be prevented in a hospital setting. For example, [[ketamine]] taken intravenously quicker than 1.5 minute can cause breathing depression for short time (up to a minute).<ref>Ketamine: Dreams and Realities, p276</ref> | * Other drugs are conditionally intramusculary self-injected to prevent intravenous complications that can be prevented in a hospital setting. For example, [[ketamine]] taken intravenously quicker than 1.5 minute can cause breathing depression for short time (up to a minute).<ref>Ketamine: Dreams and Realities, p276</ref> | ||
* Avoid heating up solutions of substances with poor water solubility (yohimbine, and [[caffeine]], for example), because they will go back to their solid state once you have injected them into the body. Dilute them with more water and use larger volume syringes if needed. | * Avoid heating up solutions of substances with poor water solubility (yohimbine, and [[caffeine]], for example), because they will go back to their solid state once you have injected them into the body. Dilute them with more water and use larger volume syringes if needed. | ||