5-Hydroxytryptophan: Difference between revisions

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{{distinguish2|[[Serotonin]] ('''5'''-'''h'''ydroxy'''t'''ryptamine, '''5-HT''')}}

'''5-Hydroxytryptophan''' (also known as '''5-HTP''' and '''oxitriptan''') is a naturally occurring chemical substance and a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of [[serotonin]] in the human body.{{citation needed}}

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*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Although mild, this effect is present at heavier dosages, but may also come with it a number of peripheral side effects due to peripheral serotonin activity (mostly on the gut).

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Increased sense of humor]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Memory enhancement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''

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It has been suggested that 5-HTP may cause eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a serious condition which results in extreme muscle tenderness, myalgia, and blood abnormalities. However, there is evidence to show that EMS was likely caused by a contaminant in certain 5-HTP supplements instead of the substance itself.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Michelson, D.)), ((Page, S. W.)), ((Casey, R.)), ((Trucksess, M. W.)), ((Love, L. A.)), ((Milstien, S.)), ((Wilson, C.)), ((Massaquoi, S. G.)), ((Crofford, L. J.)), ((Hallett, M.)) | journal=The Journal of Rheumatology | title=An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan | volume=21 | issue=12 | pages=2261–2265 | date= December 1994 | issn=0315-162X}}</ref>

===Dangerous interactions===

Although many substances are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

Although many substances are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each, but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

Combinations in the list below may increase the amount of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, to dangerous or even fatal levels, resulting in life-threatening [[serotonin syndrome]].

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*'''[[DangerousInteraction::SSRIs]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the SSRI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Ma, Z.)), ((Zhang, G.)), ((Jenney, C.)), ((Krishnamoorthy, S.)), ((Tao, R.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Characterization of serotonin-toxicity syndrome (toxidrome) elicited by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in clorgyline-pretreated rats | volume=588 | issue=2–3 | pages=198–206 | date=7 July 2008 | issn=0014-2999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.004}}</ref><ref name="two">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Izumi, T.)), ((Iwamoto, N.)), ((Kitaichi, Y.)), ((Kato, A.)), ((Inoue, T.)), ((Koyama, T.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Effects of co-administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and monoamine oxidase inhibitors on 5-HT-related behavior in rats | volume=532 | issue=3 | pages=258–264 | date=27 February 2006 | issn=0014-2999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.075}}</ref>

*'''[[DangerousInteraction::SNRIs]]'''

*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose.

*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[mephedrone]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose.

*'''[[DangerousInteraction::MAOIs]]''' such as '''[[syrian rue]]''', '''[[banisteriopsis caapi]]''', '''[[2C-T-2]]''', '''[[2C-T-7]]''', '''[[αMT]]''', and some '''[[antidepressants]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the MAOI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one" /><ref name="two" />

*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tricyclic antidepressants]] (TCAs)'''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{distinguish2|[[Serotonin]] ('''5'''-'''h'''ydroxy'''t'''ryptamine, '''5-HT''')}}
 {{SummarySheet}}
-{{SubstanceBox/5-Hydroxytryptophan}}
+{{SubstanceBox/5-HTP}}
 '''5-Hydroxytryptophan''' (also known as '''5-HTP''' and '''oxitriptan''') is a naturally occurring chemical substance and a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of [[serotonin]] in the human body.{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Although mild, this effect is present at heavier dosages, but may also come with it a number of peripheral side effects due to peripheral serotonin activity (mostly on the gut).
 *'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Increased sense of humor]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Memory enhancement]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''
@@ Line 85: / Line 84: @@
 It has been suggested that 5-HTP may cause eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a serious condition which results in extreme muscle tenderness, myalgia, and blood abnormalities. However, there is evidence to show that EMS was likely caused by a contaminant in certain 5-HTP supplements instead of the substance itself.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Michelson, D.)), ((Page, S. W.)), ((Casey, R.)), ((Trucksess, M. W.)), ((Love, L. A.)), ((Milstien, S.)), ((Wilson, C.)), ((Massaquoi, S. G.)), ((Crofford, L. J.)), ((Hallett, M.)) | journal=The Journal of Rheumatology | title=An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan | volume=21 | issue=12 | pages=2261–2265 | date= December 1994 | issn=0315-162X}}</ref>
 ===Dangerous interactions===
-Although many substances are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
+Although many substances are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each, but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
 Combinations in the list below may increase the amount of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, to dangerous or even fatal levels, resulting in life-threatening [[serotonin syndrome]].
@@ Line 91: / Line 90: @@
 *'''[[DangerousInteraction::SSRIs]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the SSRI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Ma, Z.)), ((Zhang, G.)), ((Jenney, C.)), ((Krishnamoorthy, S.)), ((Tao, R.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Characterization of serotonin-toxicity syndrome (toxidrome) elicited by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in clorgyline-pretreated rats | volume=588 | issue=2–3 | pages=198–206 | date=7 July 2008 | issn=0014-2999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.004}}</ref><ref name="two">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Izumi, T.)), ((Iwamoto, N.)), ((Kitaichi, Y.)), ((Kato, A.)), ((Inoue, T.)), ((Koyama, T.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Effects of co-administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and monoamine oxidase inhibitors on 5-HT-related behavior in rats | volume=532 | issue=3 | pages=258–264 | date=27 February 2006 | issn=0014-2999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.075}}</ref>
 *'''[[DangerousInteraction::SNRIs]]'''
-*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose.
+*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Serotonin releasers]]''' such as '''[[MDMA]]''', '''[[mephedrone]]''', '''[[4-FA]]''', '''[[MDAI]]''' and '''[[αMT]]''' - To prevent serotonin syndrome, 5-HTP should only be taken once the user has come down from the MDMA (or other serotonin releaser), roughly 12 hours after the last dose.
 *'''[[DangerousInteraction::MAOIs]]''' such as '''[[syrian rue]]''', '''[[banisteriopsis caapi]]''', '''[[2C-T-2]]''', '''[[2C-T-7]]''', '''[[αMT]]''', and some '''[[antidepressants]]''' - When combined with antidepressants of the MAOI class, high doses of 5-HTP can cause acute serotonin syndrome in rats.<ref name="one" /><ref name="two" />
 *'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tricyclic antidepressants]] (TCAs)'''