Safer injection guide: Difference between revisions
>David Hedlund m m |
>David Hedlund →Sterile water for injection: Also sold as glass or plastic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampoule ampoule]s by harm reduction supplies sometimes offered by needle and syringe programmes. |
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===Sterile water for injection=== | ===Sterile water for injection=== | ||
[[File:Sterilewater.jpg|245px|thumb|right|USP sterile water for injection]] | [[File:Sterilewater.jpg|245px|thumb|right|USP sterile water for injection. Also sold as glass or plastic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampoule ampoule]s by harm reduction supplies sometimes offered by needle and syringe programmes.]] | ||
'''Sterile [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_for_injection water for injection]''' (sometimes abbreviated SWFI) is used to create solutions that will be administered by injection. Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.<ref>https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/018632s051lbl.pdf</ref><ref name=Gh2004>{{cite book|last1=Ghosh|first1=Tapash K.|last2=Jasti|first2=Bhaskara R.|title=Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics|date=2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780203644478|page=396|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whiC7aSFLY8C&pg=PA396|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162803/https://books.google.ca/books?id=whiC7aSFLY8C&pg=PA396|archivedate=2017-01-16}}</ref> Water for injection can also be used for [[Nasal spray guide|nasal sprays]], and eye drops. | '''Sterile [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_for_injection water for injection]''' (sometimes abbreviated SWFI) is used to create solutions that will be administered by injection. Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.<ref>https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/018632s051lbl.pdf</ref><ref name=Gh2004>{{cite book|last1=Ghosh|first1=Tapash K.|last2=Jasti|first2=Bhaskara R.|title=Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics|date=2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780203644478|page=396|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whiC7aSFLY8C&pg=PA396|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162803/https://books.google.ca/books?id=whiC7aSFLY8C&pg=PA396|archivedate=2017-01-16}}</ref> Water for injection can also be used for [[Nasal spray guide|nasal sprays]], and eye drops. | ||
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# One USP Endotoxin Unit (EU) is equal to one International Unit (IU) of endotoxin | # One USP Endotoxin Unit (EU) is equal to one International Unit (IU) of endotoxin | ||
====Common water sources==== | |||
* Boiled tap water: It is also important to change the water at a regular interval to prevent bacteria growth within the water. Be mindful that using multiple hypodermic needles in the same water supply can easily spread illness and disease. No other liquid substance should be added to the injection, even if it is supposed to increase the solubility of the drug in the water solution. Heat can be used to aid dissolution, but fruit juice or vinegar can lead to infections. Hot tap water should always be avoided because it contains heavy metals. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drop Eye drops] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_drop Eye drops] | ||
** Eye drops '''with medications (e.g. the deliriant tropicamide only used for ocular administration) can be deadly when injected'''. | ** Eye drops '''with medications (e.g. the deliriant tropicamide only used for ocular administration) can be deadly when injected'''. | ||
** Syringe designed saline drops (e.g. Wallace Cameron Ultra Saline Minipod) are distributed in modern needle-exchange programmes as they can be used efficiently either by injection or ophthalmic (if the drug is potent in small doses) route of administer which is compared to intravenous use; by demonstration, the elimination of latanoprost acid from plasma is rapid (half-life 17 minutes) after either ophthalmic or intravenous administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mmx/latanoprost.html|title=Latanoprost Drug Information, Professional|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref> | ** Syringe designed saline drops (e.g. Wallace Cameron Ultra Saline Minipod) are distributed in modern needle-exchange programmes as they can be used efficiently either by injection or ophthalmic (if the drug is potent in small doses) route of administer which is compared to intravenous use; by demonstration, the elimination of latanoprost acid from plasma is rapid (half-life 17 minutes) after either ophthalmic or intravenous administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mmx/latanoprost.html|title=Latanoprost Drug Information, Professional|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=18 September 2014}}</ref> | ||
* Distilled water should be avoided in large amounts directly into a vein, as it can cause your blood cells to become hypotonic, possibly leading to death. Distilled water is often sold as battery water, but since it's not designed for medical use, it may lack specifications and may be unsafe to inject. | * Distilled water should be avoided in large amounts directly into a vein, as it can cause your blood cells to become hypotonic, possibly leading to death. Distilled water is often sold as battery water, but since it's not designed for medical use, it may lack specifications and may be unsafe to inject. | ||
===Sterile single-use spoon=== | ===Sterile single-use spoon=== |