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Inhalants: Difference between revisions
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Inhalants do not include substances that are breathed in after they have been heated through vaporization or burned. For example, [[poppers|amyl nitrite]] (poppers), [[nitrous oxide]] and [[toluene]] are considered to be inhalants because they are volatile at room temperature and need no other heat source to transform from liquid to gaseous state. [[Tobacco]], [[cannabis]], [[cocaine|crack-cocaine]], or any other [[:category:psychoactive substance|psychoactive substance]] that requires an external heat source is not considered to be a member of the inhalant category of substances, even though once heated the resulting fumes are inhaled into the lungs. | Inhalants do not include substances that are breathed in after they have been heated through vaporization or burned. For example, [[poppers|amyl nitrite]] (poppers), [[nitrous oxide]] and [[toluene]] are considered to be inhalants because they are volatile at room temperature and need no other heat source to transform from liquid to gaseous state. [[Tobacco]], [[cannabis]], [[cocaine|crack-cocaine]], or any other [[:category:psychoactive substance|psychoactive substance]] that requires an external heat source is not considered to be a member of the inhalant category of substances, even though once heated the resulting fumes are inhaled into the lungs. | ||
==Medical | ==Medical inhalants== | ||
===Anesthetics=== | |||
For a full list of medical inhalational anesthetic agents, see: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants#Inhalational_anesthetic_agents List of medical inhalants#Inhalational anesthetic agents] | For a full list of medical inhalational anesthetic agents, see: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants#Inhalational_anesthetic_agents List of medical inhalants#Inhalational anesthetic agents] | ||
===Nitrous oxide=== | ====Nitrous oxide==== | ||
{{Main|Nitrous Oxide}} | {{Main|Nitrous Oxide}} | ||
[[File:Big-ox-oxygen-canisters.png|thumb|right|The canister on the left is whipped cream, a product which is pressurized with nitrous oxide. The two canisters on the right contain 'flavoured' oxygen.]] | [[File:Big-ox-oxygen-canisters.png|thumb|right|The canister on the left is whipped cream, a product which is pressurized with nitrous oxide. The two canisters on the right contain 'flavoured' oxygen.]] | ||
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</center> | </center> | ||
====Food grade cream chargers compared to medical nitrous oxide==== | ======Food grade cream chargers compared to medical nitrous oxide====== | ||
*Medical grade contains 50% nitrous oxide, and 50% oxygen. | *Medical grade contains 50% nitrous oxide, and 50% oxygen. | ||
*The gas from "cream chargers" contains food grade, not medical grade nitrous oxide. Thus, they can contain a range of impurities, such as industrial grease left over from manufacturing, and tiny particles of steel from the pierced metal. Users can filter them through a piece of cotton, cloth, or clothing to reduce the amount of impurities inhaled.<ref>https://www.dancewizensw.org.au/filtering-nangs</ref><ref>http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nitrous/nitrous_article2.shtml</ref> Regular cleaning of nitrous dispensing devices can also reduce the harm posed by impurities.<!-- Added to: Inhalants, Nitrous --> | *The gas from "cream chargers" contains food grade, not medical grade nitrous oxide. Thus, they can contain a range of impurities, such as industrial grease left over from manufacturing, and tiny particles of steel from the pierced metal. Users can filter them through a piece of cotton, cloth, or clothing to reduce the amount of impurities inhaled.<ref>https://www.dancewizensw.org.au/filtering-nangs</ref><ref>http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nitrous/nitrous_article2.shtml</ref> Regular cleaning of nitrous dispensing devices can also reduce the harm posed by impurities.<!-- Added to: Inhalants, Nitrous --> | ||
===Xenon=== | ====Xenon==== | ||
Xenon is an elemental gas that is reported to produce psychoactive effects upon inhalation, whose effects are similar to nitrous oxide. These include dissociation, anesthesia and euphoria. Recreational use of Xenon is rare due to its high cost and the difficulty of obtaining it<ref>https://doubleblindmag.com/hamiltons-pharmacopeia-xenon-to-iboga-an-inside-look/</ref>. Xenon is neuroprotective against oxygen deprivation and has been used to prevent brain damage in extremely premature babies. <ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Bristol, U. of)) | title=Xenon gas successfully delivered to babies in ambulance | publisher=University of Bristol School of Clinical Sciences | url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2013/9333.html}}</ref> | Xenon is an elemental gas that is reported to produce psychoactive effects upon inhalation, whose effects are similar to nitrous oxide. These include dissociation, anesthesia and euphoria. Recreational use of Xenon is rare due to its high cost and the difficulty of obtaining it<ref>https://doubleblindmag.com/hamiltons-pharmacopeia-xenon-to-iboga-an-inside-look/</ref>. Xenon is neuroprotective against oxygen deprivation and has been used to prevent brain damage in extremely premature babies. <ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Bristol, U. of)) | title=Xenon gas successfully delivered to babies in ambulance | publisher=University of Bristol School of Clinical Sciences | url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2013/9333.html}}</ref> | ||
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*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Xenon.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Xenon] | *[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Xenon.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Xenon] | ||
===Historical agents=== | ====Historical agents==== | ||
====Chloroform==== | ======Chloroform====== | ||
'''Chloroform''', or '''trichloromethane''', is an organic compound with formula CHCl<sub>3</sub>. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid. It is a volatile solvent that was used as a medical anesthetic during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is one of the four chloromethanes and a trihalomethane. It is a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic and sedative when inhaled or ingested.<ref>{{cite book | veditors=((Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area)) | date=31 January 2012 | chapter=The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety | title=Chloroform [MAK Value Documentation, 2000] | publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA | pages=20–58 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb6766e0014 | doi=10.1002/3527600418.mb6766e0014 | isbn=9783527600410}}</ref> | '''Chloroform''', or '''trichloromethane''', is an organic compound with formula CHCl<sub>3</sub>. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid. It is a volatile solvent that was used as a medical anesthetic during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is one of the four chloromethanes and a trihalomethane. It is a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic and sedative when inhaled or ingested.<ref>{{cite book | veditors=((Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area)) | date=31 January 2012 | chapter=The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety | title=Chloroform [MAK Value Documentation, 2000] | publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA | pages=20–58 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb6766e0014 | doi=10.1002/3527600418.mb6766e0014 | isbn=9783527600410}}</ref> | ||
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*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Chloroform.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Chloroform] | *[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Chloroform.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Chloroform] | ||
====Ether==== | ======Ether====== | ||
See also: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_addiction Ether addiction (Wikipedia)] | See also: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_addiction Ether addiction (Wikipedia)] | ||
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*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Ether.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Ether] | *[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Ether.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Ether] | ||
===Vasodilators=== | |||
====Historical===== | |||
=====Popppers===== | |||
[[Alkyl nitrites]] (also known as poppers) are a class of volatile liquid substances whose fumes are inhaled for recreational purposes, particularly in preparation for sexual activities.<ref name="MerckManuals">{{Citation | title=Volatile Nitrites - Special Subjects | url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/recreational-drugs-and-intoxicants/volatile-nitrites?ruleredirectid=249&qt=&sc=&alt=}}</ref> They are known for producing intense but short-lived muscle relaxing effects that start after about 15 seconds and last for up to 3 minutes. | |||
==Dangerous inhalants== | ==Dangerous inhalants== | ||