Methylphenidate: Difference between revisions

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===Dependence and abuse potential===

In terms of its tolerance, methylphenidate can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time and is often prescribed to be used in this way. Tolerance to many of the effects of methyphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use~~. This results in users having~~ to ~~administer increasingly large doses to achieve~~ the ~~same~~ effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Swanson, J.)), ((Gupta, S.)), ((Guinta, D.)), ((Flynn, D.)), ((Agler, D.)), ((Lerner, M.)), ((Williams, L.)), ((Shoulson, I.)), ((Wigal, S.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children | volume=66 | issue=3 | pages=295–305 | date= September 1999 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70038-X}}</ref>

In terms of its tolerance, methylphenidate can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time and is often prescribed to be used in this way. Tolerance to many of the effects of methyphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Swanson, J.)), ((Gupta, S.)), ((Guinta, D.)), ((Flynn, D.)), ((Agler, D.)), ((Lerner, M.)), ((Williams, L.)), ((Shoulson, I.)), ((Wigal, S.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children | volume=66 | issue=3 | pages=295–305 | date= September 1999 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70038-X}}</ref>

In the case of acute (i.e. one-off) exposure, it generally takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption).{{citation needed}} Methylphenidate presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of methyphenidate all stimulants will have a reduced effect."{{citation needed}}

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 ===Dependence and abuse potential===
-In terms of its tolerance, methylphenidate can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time and is often prescribed to be used in this way. Tolerance to many of the effects of methyphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Swanson, J.)), ((Gupta, S.)), ((Guinta, D.)), ((Flynn, D.)), ((Agler, D.)), ((Lerner, M.)), ((Williams, L.)), ((Shoulson, I.)), ((Wigal, S.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children | volume=66 | issue=3 | pages=295–305 | date= September 1999 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70038-X}}</ref>
+In terms of its tolerance, methylphenidate can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time and is often prescribed to be used in this way. Tolerance to many of the effects of methyphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Swanson, J.)), ((Gupta, S.)), ((Guinta, D.)), ((Flynn, D.)), ((Agler, D.)), ((Lerner, M.)), ((Williams, L.)), ((Shoulson, I.)), ((Wigal, S.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | title=Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children | volume=66 | issue=3 | pages=295–305 | date= September 1999 | issn=0009-9236 | doi=10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70038-X}}</ref>
 In the case of acute (i.e. one-off) exposure, it generally takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption).{{citation needed}} Methylphenidate presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of methyphenidate all stimulants will have a reduced effect."{{citation needed}}