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Pregabalin: Difference between revisions
>Khalil1011 →Subjective effects: Added tactile suppression, and updated motor control loss/tactile enchantment and seizures. |
>Aleksandar8239 - updated subjective effects and corrected grammar |
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|{{effects/physical| | |{{effects/physical| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Pregabalin produces mild sedation and improves sleep onset latency modestly. Several studies have shown pregabalin improves sleep quality of those who take it for various indications. It is unknown if this effect is carried over to those who take it recreationally.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Arnold, L. M.)), ((Emir, B.)), ((Pauer, L.)), ((Resnick, M.)), ((Clair, A.)) | journal=Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.) | title=Time to improvement of pain and sleep quality in clinical trials of pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=176–185 | date= January 2015 | issn=1526-4637 | doi=10.1111/pme.12636}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Perez-Lloret, S.)), ((Rojas, G. M.)), ((Menoni, M. C.)), ((Ruiz, G.)), ((Velásquez, C.)), ((Rodriguez, H.)), ((Rey, M. V.)), ((Cardinali, A. D. P.)), ((PGB Study Team)) | journal=Clinical Neuropharmacology | title=Pregabalin beneficial effects on sleep quality or health-related quality of life are poorly correlated with reduction on pain intensity after an 8-week treatment course | volume=35 | issue=1 | pages=21–24 | date= February 2012 | issn=1537-162X | doi=10.1097/WNF.0b013e31823df2dc}}</ref> However, it is not an overly sedating substance when taken in the daytime. | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Pregabalin produces mild sedation and improves sleep onset latency modestly. Several studies have shown pregabalin improves sleep quality of those who take it for various indications. It is unknown if this effect is carried over to those who take it recreationally.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Arnold, L. M.)), ((Emir, B.)), ((Pauer, L.)), ((Resnick, M.)), ((Clair, A.)) | journal=Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.) | title=Time to improvement of pain and sleep quality in clinical trials of pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=176–185 | date= January 2015 | issn=1526-4637 | doi=10.1111/pme.12636}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Perez-Lloret, S.)), ((Rojas, G. M.)), ((Menoni, M. C.)), ((Ruiz, G.)), ((Velásquez, C.)), ((Rodriguez, H.)), ((Rey, M. V.)), ((Cardinali, A. D. P.)), ((PGB Study Team)) | journal=Clinical Neuropharmacology | title=Pregabalin beneficial effects on sleep quality or health-related quality of life are poorly correlated with reduction on pain intensity after an 8-week treatment course | volume=35 | issue=1 | pages=21–24 | date= February 2012 | issn=1537-162X | doi=10.1097/WNF.0b013e31823df2dc}}</ref> However, it is not an overly sedating substance when taken in the daytime. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Appetite | *'''[[Effect::Appetite intensification]]''' - This effect is not particularly prominent, but is reported to occur in some people. It can have a synergistic effect when combined with [[cannabis]]. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - Pregabalin is effective against certain types of chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, but not against acute pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Verma, V.)), ((Singh, N.)), ((Singh Jaggi, A.)) | journal=Current Neuropharmacology | title=Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain: Evidences and Possible Mechanisms | volume=12 | issue=1 | pages=44–56 | date= January 2014 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915349/ | issn=1570-159X | doi=10.2174/1570159X1201140117162802}}</ref> | *'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - Pregabalin is effective against certain types of chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, but not against acute pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Verma, V.)), ((Singh, N.)), ((Singh Jaggi, A.)) | journal=Current Neuropharmacology | title=Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain: Evidences and Possible Mechanisms | volume=12 | issue=1 | pages=44–56 | date= January 2014 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915349/ | issn=1570-159X | doi=10.2174/1570159X1201140117162802}}</ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The general "body high" of pregabalin can be described as a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet, and head. | *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The general "body high" of pregabalin can be described as a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet, and head. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This component, while prominent in the experience, is generally not as strong as the cognitive euphoria that can be induced. The sensation itself can be described as feelings of physical comfort, warmth and bliss. | *'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This component, while prominent in the experience, is generally not as strong as the cognitive euphoria that can be induced. The sensation itself can be described as feelings of physical comfort, warmth and bliss. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Tactile | *'''[[Effect::Tactile intensification]]''' - Although the user’s body may feel numb, the sense of touch can be heightened at the same time. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Muscle twitching]]''' - Somewhat paradoxically, since pregabalin is used as an adjunct treatment for epilepsy, pregabalin, especially in higher doses, can produce muscle spasms.{{citation needed}} Anecdotally, seizures have been reported in overdose.{{citation needed}} | *'''[[Effect::Muscle twitching]]''' - Somewhat paradoxically, since pregabalin is used as an adjunct treatment for epilepsy, pregabalin, especially in higher doses, can produce muscle spasms.{{citation needed}} Anecdotally, seizures have been reported in overdose.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]''' - While pregabalin may cause respiratory depression, this effect is not as strong as those with [[opioids]] and [[benzodiazepines]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Eipe, N.)), ((Penning, J.)) | journal=Pain Research & Management : The Journal of the Canadian Pain Society | title=Postoperative respiratory depression associated with pregabalin: A case series and a preoperative decision algorithm | volume=16 | issue=5 | pages=353–356 | date= 2011 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206785/ | issn=1203-6765}}</ref> | *'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]''' - While pregabalin may cause respiratory depression, this effect is not as strong as those with [[opioids]] and [[benzodiazepines]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Eipe, N.)), ((Penning, J.)) | journal=Pain Research & Management : The Journal of the Canadian Pain Society | title=Postoperative respiratory depression associated with pregabalin: A case series and a preoperative decision algorithm | volume=16 | issue=5 | pages=353–356 | date= 2011 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206785/ | issn=1203-6765}}</ref> | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]''' - This effect can be seen at high doses and is generally quite mild. It generally does not extend past level 2. | *'''[[Effect::Tracers]]''' - This effect can be seen at high doses and is generally quite mild. It generally does not extend past level 2. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]''' - This effect is quite mild and only appears at very high doses. | *'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]''' - This effect is quite mild and only appears at very high doses. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Object alteration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Object alteration]]''' - Although this effect is rare, it can still occur spontaneously, typically with heavy doses. | ||
*'''[[Effect:: | *'''[[Effect::Visual processing deceleration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''- This effect is quite mild and inconsistently appears at high doses. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''- This effect is quite mild and inconsistently appears at high doses | |||
====Hallucinatory states==== | ====Hallucinatory states==== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' - One may experience a state of [[hypnagogia]] during heavy dosage nodding, which results in dream-like states and up to level 3 imagery. | |||
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' - This effect is rare and only occurs on heavy doses or when the user is sleep deprived. It can be comprehensively described through its variations as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' - | |||
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' - This effect is rare and only | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{effects/disconnective| | {{effects/disconnective| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This effect is generally quite mild and appears inconsistently at | *'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This effect is generally quite mild and appears inconsistently at high doses. It results in feeling as if one's sense of vision is distant or vague and being viewed through a screen or window. However, it is not capable of higher end visual disconnection such as [[holes, spaces and voids]] or [[Visual_disconnection#Structures|hallucinatory structures]] in the same way that traditional dissociatives are. | ||
}} | }} | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Suggestibility | *'''[[Effect::Suggestibility intensification]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]''' - Compared to [[benzodiazepines]], pregabalin is only mildly amnesiac if not combined with other depressants. With chronic usage or high dosages, one should expect more "tip of the tongue" moments and impaired short-term memory (e.g., walking into a room and forgetting what you were supposed to do there). Total blackouts do not seem to occur except in combination with other substances. | *'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]''' - Compared to [[benzodiazepines]], pregabalin is only mildly amnesiac if not combined with other depressants. With chronic usage or high dosages, one should expect more "tip of the tongue" moments and impaired short-term memory (e.g., walking into a room and forgetting what you were supposed to do there). Total blackouts do not seem to occur except in combination with other substances. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Emotion | *'''[[Effect::Emotion intensification]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''<ref>{{cite book | date= 2012 | title=Abuse and Misuse Potential of Pregabalin: A Review of the Clinical Evidence | publisher=Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health}}</ref> - Many users who take pregabalin describe a moderate to even intense euphoria, even at lower doses. Many users describe it as similar to [[opioid]] induced euphoria. The sensation itself can be described as powerful and overwhelming feelings of emotional bliss, contentment, and happiness. | *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''<ref>{{cite book | date= 2012 | title=Abuse and Misuse Potential of Pregabalin: A Review of the Clinical Evidence | publisher=Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health}}</ref> - Many users who take pregabalin describe a moderate to even intense euphoria, even at lower doses. Many users describe it as similar to [[opioid]] induced euphoria. The sensation itself can be described as powerful and overwhelming feelings of emotional bliss, contentment, and happiness. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - The music enhancement from pregabalin can be described as music sounding more detailed, 'higher quality', and even slowed down on higher dosages. | *'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - The music enhancement from pregabalin can be described as music sounding more detailed, 'higher quality', and even slowed down on higher dosages. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]''' - Like [[kratom]], pregabalin can be mildly sedative yet increase motivation in a [[stimulant]]-like fashion. | *'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]''' - Like [[kratom]], pregabalin can be mildly sedative yet increase motivation in a [[stimulant]]-like fashion. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Immersion | *'''[[Effect::Immersion intensification]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]''' - This effect is especially noticeable on higher doses. | *'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]''' - This effect is especially noticeable on higher doses. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' ''and'' '''[[Effect::Derealization]]''' - At high | *'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' ''and'' '''[[Effect::Derealization]]''' - At high doses, pregabalin can induce a mild dissociative state. This effect intensifies by sleep deprivation. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Suicidal ideation]]''' - In | *'''[[Effect::Suicidal ideation]]''' - In heavy doses, this can lead to suicide attempts. Sleep deprivation may increase the effect. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - Even at | *'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - Even at medical doses, pregabalin can cause psychotic side effects in a minority of users <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Olaizola, I.)), ((Ellger, T.)), ((Young, P.)), ((Bösebeck, F.)), ((Evers, S.)), ((Kellinghaus, C.)) | journal=Seizure | title=Pregabalin-associated acute psychosis and epileptiform EEG-changes | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=208–210 | date=1 April 2006 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105913110600029X | issn=1059-1311 | doi=10.1016/j.seizure.2006.02.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mousailidis, G.)), ((Papanna, B.)), ((Salmon, A.)), ((Sein, A.)), ((Al-Hillawi, Q.)) | journal=BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology | title=Pregabalin induced visual hallucinations – a rare adverse reaction | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=16 | date=28 February 2020 | url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-020-0395-6 | issn=2050-6511 | doi=10.1186/s40360-020-0395-6}}</ref>. Sleep deprivation strongly potentiates this effect, which may be higher for people genetically predisposed to schizophrenia. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - | *'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - When used to treat bipolar disorder <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schaffer, L. C.)), ((Schaffer, C. B.)), ((Miller, A. R.)), ((Manley, J. L.)), ((Piekut, J. A.)), ((Nordahl, T. E.)) | journal=Journal of Affective Disorders | title=An open trial of pregabalin as an acute and maintenance adjunctive treatment for outpatients with treatment resistant bipolar disorder | volume=147 | issue=1–3 | pages=407–410 | date= May 2013 | issn=1573-2517 | doi=10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.005}}</ref>, pregabalin can induce mania. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Yukawa, T.)), ((Suzuki, Y.)), ((Fukui, N.)), ((Otake, M.)), ((Sugai, T.)), ((Someya, T.)) | journal=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences | title=Manic symptoms associated with pregabalin in a patient with conversion disorder | volume=67 | issue=2 | pages=129–130 | date= February 2013 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pcn.12012 | issn=13231316 | doi=10.1111/pcn.12012}}</ref>. This effect can occur in recreational settings, with heavy doses, or when the user is sleep-deprived. It can appear low in intensity (hypomania) or synergize with [[psychosis]]. However, this effect is rare, and it's not a part of the typical experience. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]''' - These are usually mild and only present at extremely high doses. | *'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]''' - These are usually mild and only present at extremely high doses. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucination]]''' - | *'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucination]]''' - At heavier dosages, one may experience tinnitus or the perception of imagined sounds, such as voices. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{effects/ | {{effects/afterglow| | ||
The | The afterglow is a feeling that can occur in the following day after the experience. It can be described regarding its physical sensation as one of [[euphoria]], [[rejuvenation]], relaxation and a light bounciness. <p>Cognitive manifestations include a loss of anxiety, feelings of content, and [[increased music appreciation]]. | ||
}} | }} | ||