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Gabapentin: Difference between revisions
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It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug. | ||
===Suicide=== | ===Suicide=== | ||
In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning of an increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients taking gabapentin (along with other [[anticonvulsant]] drugs),<ref>http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm100190.htm</ref> modifying the packaging insert to reflect this. A 2010 meta-analysis confirmed the increased risk of suicide associated with gabapentin use.<ref name="Patorno2010"/> | In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning of an increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients taking gabapentin (along with other [[anticonvulsant]] drugs),<ref>http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm100190.htm</ref> modifying the packaging insert to reflect this. A 2010 meta-analysis confirmed the increased risk of suicide associated with gabapentin use.<ref name="Patorno2010" /> | ||
In 2010, a study conducted by Patorno E, Bohn RL, Wahl PM, et al, found that the use of gabapentin compared to the use of [[topiramate]] may be associated with an increase in suicidal acts and or violent deaths.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Patorno, E.)), ((Bohn, R. L.)), ((Wahl, P. M.)), ((Avorn, J.)), ((Patrick, A. R.)), ((Liu, J.)), ((Schneeweiss, S.)) | journal=JAMA | title=Anticonvulsant Medications and the Risk of Suicide, Attempted Suicide, or Violent Death | volume=303 | issue=14 | pages=1401–1409 | date=14 April 2010 | url=https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.410 | issn=0098-7484 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.410}}</ref> | In 2010, a study conducted by Patorno E, Bohn RL, Wahl PM, et al, found that the use of gabapentin compared to the use of [[topiramate]] may be associated with an increase in suicidal acts and or violent deaths.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Patorno, E.)), ((Bohn, R. L.)), ((Wahl, P. M.)), ((Avorn, J.)), ((Patrick, A. R.)), ((Liu, J.)), ((Schneeweiss, S.)) | journal=JAMA | title=Anticonvulsant Medications and the Risk of Suicide, Attempted Suicide, or Violent Death | volume=303 | issue=14 | pages=1401–1409 | date=14 April 2010 | url=https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.410 | issn=0098-7484 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.410}}</ref> | ||
It should be noted that in both studies along with others that the patients evaluated had a higher suicide risk and the studies were both limited and imprecise.<ref name="Patorno2010"/> | It should be noted that in both studies along with others that the patients evaluated had a higher suicide risk and the studies were both limited and imprecise.<ref name="Patorno2010" /> | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
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*'''Germany:''' Gabapentin is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>{{Citation | title=AMVV - Verordnung über die Verschreibungspflicht von Arzneimitteln | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/BJNR363210005.html}}</ref> | *'''Germany:''' Gabapentin is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>{{Citation | title=AMVV - Verordnung über die Verschreibungspflicht von Arzneimitteln | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/BJNR363210005.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''Switzerland:''' Gabapentin is listed as a "Abgabekategorie B" pharmaceutical, which requires a prescription.{{citation needed}} | *'''Switzerland:''' Gabapentin is listed as a "Abgabekategorie B" pharmaceutical, which requires a prescription.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': Gabapentin is available as a prescription.<ref>[https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/baclofen/about-baclofen/ Baclofen: muscle relaxant that relieves muscle spasms - NHS]</ref> | |||
*'''United States:''' Gabapentin is not a scheduled substance but may only be sold with prescription.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Peckham, A. M.)), ((Ananickal, M. J.)), ((Sclar, D. A.)) | journal=Risk Management and Healthcare Policy | title=Gabapentin use, abuse, and the US opioid epidemic: the case for reclassification as a controlled substance and the need for pharmacovigilance | volume=11 | pages=109–116 | date=17 August 2018 | url=https://www.dovepress.com/gabapentin-use-abuse-and-the-us-opioid-epidemic-the-case-for-reclassif-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP | doi=10.2147/RMHP.S168504}}</ref> | *'''United States:''' Gabapentin is not a scheduled substance but may only be sold with prescription.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Peckham, A. M.)), ((Ananickal, M. J.)), ((Sclar, D. A.)) | journal=Risk Management and Healthcare Policy | title=Gabapentin use, abuse, and the US opioid epidemic: the case for reclassification as a controlled substance and the need for pharmacovigilance | volume=11 | pages=109–116 | date=17 August 2018 | url=https://www.dovepress.com/gabapentin-use-abuse-and-the-us-opioid-epidemic-the-case-for-reclassif-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP | doi=10.2147/RMHP.S168504}}</ref> | ||
**'''Exceptions:''' Gabapentin is a Schedule 5 controlled substance in: Alabama, Kentucky, Michigan, North Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. With prescription drug monitoring in: Connecticut, District of Columbia, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Collins, S.)) | journal=Pharmacy Today | title=More states make gabapentin a Schedule V Controlled Substance | volume=27 | issue=10 | pages=33 | date= October 2021 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1042099121007301 | issn=10420991 | doi=10.1016/j.ptdy.2021.09.016}}</ref> | **'''Exceptions:''' Gabapentin is a Schedule 5 controlled substance in: Alabama, Kentucky, Michigan, North Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. With prescription drug monitoring in: Connecticut, District of Columbia, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Collins, S.)) | journal=Pharmacy Today | title=More states make gabapentin a Schedule V Controlled Substance | volume=27 | issue=10 | pages=33 | date= October 2021 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1042099121007301 | issn=10420991 | doi=10.1016/j.ptdy.2021.09.016}}</ref> | ||