Prochlorperazine: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

[[File:Prochlorperazine 5mg.jpg|thumbnail|200px|5mg oral tablet of Prochlorperazine]]

Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its [[antipsychotic]] effects by blocking [[dopamine]] receptors.<ref>~~Manuchair S.~~ Ebadi, Desk ~~reference~~ of ~~clinical pharmacology. 2007~~</ref>

Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its [[antipsychotic]] effects by blocking [[dopamine]] receptors.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Ebadi, M.)) | date=31 October 2007 | title=Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology | publisher=CRC Press | isbn=9781420047448}}</ref>

Prochlorperazine is analogous to [[chlorpromazine]]; both of these agents [[antagonist|antagonize]] [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] D2 receptors in various pathways of the central nervous system. This D2 blockade results in antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects.

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==Toxicity and harm potential==

Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism pseudoparkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | ~~http://books.google.com.au/books?id~~=~~K7kevbILCuQC&source~~=~~gbs_navlinks_s~~</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>

Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism pseudoparkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brown, T. M.)), ((Stoudemire, A.)) | date= 1998 | title=Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications: Recognition and Management | publisher=American Psychiatric Pub | isbn=9780880488686}}</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>

Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include a high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, a fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
 [[File:Prochlorperazine 5mg.jpg|thumbnail|200px|5mg oral tablet of Prochlorperazine]]
-Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its [[antipsychotic]] effects by blocking [[dopamine]] receptors.<ref>Manuchair S. Ebadi, Desk reference of clinical pharmacology. 2007</ref>
+Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its [[antipsychotic]] effects by blocking [[dopamine]] receptors.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Ebadi, M.)) | date=31 October 2007 | title=Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology | publisher=CRC Press | isbn=9781420047448}}</ref>
 Prochlorperazine is analogous to [[chlorpromazine]]; both of these agents [[antagonist|antagonize]] [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] D2 receptors in various pathways of the central nervous system. This D2 blockade results in antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects.
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
-Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism pseudoparkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>
+Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms Extrapyramidal side effects] such as acute [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia dystonic] reactions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonism pseudoparkinsonism] (not to be confused with Parkinson's disease), or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brown, T. M.)), ((Stoudemire, A.)) | date= 1998 | title=Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications: Recognition and Management | publisher=American Psychiatric Pub | isbn=9780880488686}}</ref><ref>http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html</ref>
 Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include a high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, a fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).